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The objective of this article is to problematize the hypotheses that have structured the study of the world of labor in Mexico in the mid-19th century and its relationship with the political language of the nation, in particular, the liberal. The complicated hypothesis of the «impossible reception» of socialism in the Mexican world of labor in the 19th-century will be the starting point for the development of an interconnection between the historiography of the world of Mexican labor and the conceptual history of the last decades. Through a discussion with the proposal of the «slip of citizenship», this article seeks to deepen the historical ridge carved out by the concepts of nation which interpose the hegemonic vision supported by the language of state nationality of the mid-19th century. In fact, with the creation of the Mexican «language of labor» other slips of the language of the nation took place, which debunk it from the homogenous view underpinned by the liberal language of the nation. As it is the product of an interaction that constituted an «intersocial milieux», through which the Mexican language of labor and French socialism communicated, it is also a fundamental condition for our understanding of the modern hybrid dimension of the Mexican nation leading up to 1850. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation is one of the most deeply-rooted vices in Mexican political culture. It is a phenomenon reproduced even in situations that involve substantive reforms of the country's Constitution. One particularly dramatic case of political and legislative simulation occurred in 1983 in relation to the reform of Article 25 of the Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico, which granted legal recognition to the Social Economy. This study elucidates the details of that experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the energy sector reforms rolled out by the Enrique Peña Nieto (2012-2018) administration represent the culminating act of a State disinterested in safeguarding Mexico's territorial patrimony. It is the State itself that is imposing accumulation by dispossession to the benefit of the few, especially multinational companies that win the tenders for energy megaprojects --such as thermal power plants-- or projects in oil, mining, telecommunications, etc. The State promotes capital accumulation that favors the global value chain in a wide range of activities: energy, agriculture and livestock, real estate, and even tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to show that the consolidation of capital located in the coastal region of both municipalities promotes complementarity and compatibility between the market economy (exclusive micro-business interests) and the policy of territorial ordering (creation of Integrally Planned Centers (CIPs) which the State implements to consolidate tourism capital in the region. It is by associating foreign capital with territorial policies promoted by the State that tourism activity is sustained and takes the form of a prototype economic enclave, as the CIPs respond to a tourism development policy promoted by the federal and local states, in the expectation that these capitals will generate virtuous circles of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study analyzes the recent phenomenon of special economic zones (SEZ) in the world. It presents the case of Shenzhen, a city in Guangdong, in the People's Republic of China (PRC), because a more successful result has been achieved there in the strategy of neo-institutional economic reform and the external opening of that country in the last three decades. This result indicates the articulation of a gradual and long-term strategy, which has enabled China to insert itself successfully into the international economy. In contrast, the case of Mexico is studied, a nation which has pursued a type of economic reform and external opening without the expected economic and regional results. We therefore conclude that it is necessary to understand the case of the so-called SEZ if a strategy similar to China's is to be embarked upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation is one of the most deeply-rooted vices in Mexican political culture. It is a phenomenon reproduced even in situations that involve substantive reforms of the country's Constitution. One particularly dramatic case of political and legislative simulation occurred in 1983 in relation to the reform of Article 25 of the Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico, which granted legal recognition to the Social Economy. This study elucidates the details of that experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]