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Recent tendencies in the operation of Global Value Chains (GVC) have indicated an increasingly asymmetric distribution of benefits in terms of the participating countries and different layers of workers. This paper employs the World Input–Output Database to calculate the working hours and wages embodied in manufacturing exports between the US and Mexico, by country of origin and skill level, from 1995 to 2008. In purchasing power, the increase in total wages paid in the US, generated by the bilateral trade, was significantly higher than that of wages paid in Mexico, even though the additional number of hours worked in Mexico was seven times higher. For the US, the results ratify the loss of jobs after 2001, but with an upgrade of the skill structure. We conclude that the trend towards replacement of low-skilled labour by more capital-intensive systems occurs within GVC to the detriment of the incomes of low-skilled workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to quantify the land use from the primary activities in terms of consumption in Mexico. To do this, we assign data on the land use for agriculture, livestock, productive forestry, and aquaculture to the primary economic activities represented in the 2018 input-output table. Also, the input-output model of land use is complemented with statistical information from the import matrix and the social accounting matrix of 2018. The results indicate that the land footprint amounts to 61 745 416 hectares and 0.49 hectares per capita. This means that 73% of the land footprint is represented by land areas within our country and 27% by areas in other countries. The land demand derived from the consumption of the population in Mexico is greater than the land areas used in the production of primary activities. This study has two limitations: one referred to the assumptions of the input-output model and another, to the concept of land use. The originality and value of the article consist in analyzing the demand for land for food production in Mexico, which represents the greatest threat to the conservation of terrestrial ecosystems and the ecological services that emanate from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the linkages of the creative and cultural industries (CCIs) in the metropolitan areas of Mexico and identifies two regionally differentiated 'locational-pull factors': the city's industrial base and amenities. These factors have been reinforced by the deconcentration of the Mexican urban system. The industrial base locational-pull factors plays an important role in cities involved in international trade with the United States/Canada, while the pull of amenities drives a different path associated with tourist and cultural enclaves. In Mexico, software and creative services (such as advertising) exhibit strong linkages within creative sectors and with other non-creative industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article sets out to disaggregate by origin and destination the value-added contained in the bilateral exports of the member countries of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) in the years 2005, 2010 and 2015. The objective is to identify the proportion of domestic value-added (DVA) that each country exports and the type of participation of each one in the region's value chains. A value-added inputoutput model was employed using interregional matrices from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for the years under analysis. The findings suggest that Mexican exports have the highest foreign value-added (FVA), meaning that Mexico and Canada have been superficially inserted into the region's value chains, while the US maintains complex chains with its trading partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papeles de Europa is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the beginning of his administration in 2017, the then President of the United States Donald Trump expressed his displeasure with the North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta). He argued that it had been unfair to the U. S. economy. Thus, the administration pressed for a renegotiation of the treaty in the second part of that same year. Although there have been many studies of nafta, few of them utilized an input-output model. This type of analysis allows us to measure the impacts of foreign trade flows of each economy through all the sectors of its structure. Here, we used an input-output model for the U. S. and Mexico to analyze the impacts of their bilateral trade on income and labor in each economy, in 1992 and 2014. The results show that while Mexico benefited more in labor and value-added generated by bilateral trade with the U. S., the distribution of value-added gains was more favorable to U. S. businesses than to Mexican workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the beginning of his term in 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump expressed his dislike of the North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta), saying it had been unfair to the U.S. economy. As a result, his administration began to renegotiate the agreement in the second half of that year. Its intentions were very clear, and it achieved what it wanted in the United States, Mexico, Canada Agreement (usmca). This article analyzes these changes and the results of nafta, supposedly favorable for Mexico and prejudicial for the United States. It is not clear whether the U.S. will be able to reduce its trade deficit vis-à-vis Mexico with these changes or if U.S. companies established in Mexico will fully comply with the new rules set up in the usmca without looking for alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of a well-known methodology in the literature, this paper deals with the causals of structural change in the Mexican economy during the 1950s, characterised by the entrenching of growth tendencies, related to the development if the industrial and the services sectors. Results allow to say that growth was commanded by private consumption, as well as the dynamics of the internal market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The present study aims to measure the magnitude of the impact in terms of product, income and employment, induced by investment in a technified farm for the production of pigs in the state of Baja California and thereby identify the most relevant economic branches that transfer that impact. Method: A regionalized input-output matrix was used for the state of Baja California and updated for the base year 2013. This instrument allows to measure the magnitude of the forces of integration and sectorial interdependence and show how the purchases of a certain sector generate a flow of transactions in other sectors within and outside the region. Results: It was found that the total initial investment of 13.6 million pesos would show a multiplier effect of 1.34 times on the regional product, would have an impact on the income of 18.2 million pesos and a generation of 26 jobs at this stage and an impact on the income of 2.3 million of pesos. The evidence showed that the start-up of a farm of this type will require an annual operating expense of 9.3 million pesos with a multiplier effect of 1.76 times the annual expenditure and an impact on the product of 17.9 million pesos, a creation of 32 total employment and an additional income of 3.3 million pesos. The multipliers of greater relevance for the product, employment and income are coincident, come from the economic branches of agriculture in terms of fodder and cereals, livestock, animal feed, slaughter, cutting and packing of meat, the leather tanning industry, the same swine production, the auto transport of cargo, trade and food preparation services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoclassical trade theory is largely based on the Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) theorem. This proposition has survived all criticisms for many decades, and it is still the basis for orthodox free market trade policies. The theorem has been tested by various methodologies under different scenarios; still, the most cited test was conducted by Wassily Leontief for the U. S. economy using its 1947 input-output table. His results contradicted the theorem's predictions, which originated the so called "Leontief paradox". We test the H-O theorem as applied to the Mexican economy to find out whether the economic strategy of free trade has bolstered Mexico's comparative advantages based on its relative factor endowments, as the theorem maintains. Our results clearly show that the H-O theorem does not apply to Mexico in the period that follows the trade liberalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On these current days, the world's economic map is dominated by clusters or economic groupings, present in almost all geographical levels, which have demonstrated to be critical masses with an unusual success on specific fields. Such clusters are groupings of firms and related institutions that compete, and at the same time cooperate. In this new context of economic activity organization, industrial groupings (clusters) are fundamental, and their performance has become a key factor for cities', regions' and nations' competitive advantages. In this paper, I analyze and implement a methodology that identifies benchmark clusters, useful for applied regional based economic studies. The approach addressed here, applied to the Mexican economy, is based on Feser and Bergman's methodology, and an extension due to Rey and Mattheis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The balance of Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX)'s contributions is integrated and updated with respect to Mexico's economy in terms of production, balance of payments, the public finances, employment and public indebtedness. Linkages of various economic spheres with the hydrocarbon sector and with other productive activities are analyzed based on the design and construction of a bi-sectoral input-output table for 2003. Comments are included on the sector's main problems and a number of exercises are carried out to evaluate production chains in the hydrocarbon sector compared with the rest of the production sector, the impact of modifications in petroleum exports and price increases for hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the results of an export-led growth strategy accompanied by a trade liberalization policy implemented in Mexico are analyzed for various periods between 1978 and 2000. The input-output analysis is used to determine the effects of growing exports on gross output and on the level of employment. The results of this analysis allowed us to conclude that the positive effect of increasing manufacturing exports on production is limited and offset by manufacturing imports, thus displacing domestic production. The positive effect of exports on direct and indirect employment is not as important as that of domestic production. However, these positive effects of exports are accentuated by the North American Free Trade Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]