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Copyright of Mercados y Negocios is the property of Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Economico Administrativas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To identify the determinants and risks associated with developing hypertension and metabolic syndrome in the first year postpartum in women who experienced preeclampsia. Methods: A cohort study was conducted, involving women who had experienced preeclampsia (PE) recently. The control group was women with the same characteristics but a healthy pregnancy. The variables analyzed were somatometry, disease history, pre-pregnancy body mass index (Pre-BMI), and Third Adult Treatment Panel updated (ATP III) metabolic syndrome (MS) data (blood pressure, obesity, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, and fasting glucose). These variables were measured at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Results: Women with a history of PE exhibited higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than women without PE. The risk of developing isolated diastolic arterial hypertension at 3 and 12 months of follow-up was two to eight times greater in women with a history of PE. Factors associated with having higher blood pressure levels were preeclampsia, insulin resistance, age, and BMI. Neither the pre-BMI index nor gestational weight gain (GWG) had any effect on blood pressure in any of the three assessments. Women with preeclampsia had a 5- to 8-fold increased risk of developing MS (which could be explained not only by the history of preeclampsia but also by the history of pre-pregnancy obesity). However, PE was not identified as a risk factor at the six-month evaluation and was only explained by pre-pregnancy obesity and overweight. Conclusions: Obesity and overweight, as well as preeclampsia, were strongly associated with the development of hypertension and metabolic syndrome during the first year following childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: in 1968, Altman developed a multivariable predictive Z-score model to assess the probability of a public manufacturing company going to bankruptcy based on financial ratios. Later, Altman (1983) re-stated a more improved Z"-Score model designed to apply in public or private, manufacturing, or non-manufacturing firms, but also in emerging countries. Prediction of the updated model proved to be highly efficient. This research was conducted to prove the level of accuracy of the Z"-Score model applied to firms listed in the Mexican Stock Exchange (MSE) since there is little relevant research on this subject. Method: this research was conducted under a quantitative approach as a census and its scope was situational with a non-experimental and longitudinal research design. The period covered by this research was 2012-2019 since the data was available for those years under a somehow stable economic situation without significant economic ups and downs. This research considered the integration of a large financial database and the design of a typology to classify and analyze 155 firms based on a standard deviation and average results of 837 Z"-scores. A second analysis was conducted to prove if the predicted situation (area) by the Z"-Score corresponded to the real situation in the marketplace for every company. Results: the results showed that the accuracy level of the Altman model decreased when applied to Mexican firms. The error of the model applied to Mexican companies related to those classified in the bankruptcy prediction area was 75 % of misclassification cases. The total error of the model included all areas, or cases, was 18 % of misclassification cases. This model is supposed to be effective within a time frame of two years before a possible bankruptcy. Even considering a longer time frame, the companies located in the bankruptcy prediction area continued having misclassifications representing 57 % of error. The error for the model considering all cases and all areas, was 14 % of misclassification cases. This represented a high level of inefficiency of the model applied to an emerging country companies, such as Mexico. Discussion or conclusion: the model is certainly effective while predicting companies in the areas of non-bankrupt sector and grey, but it was inefficient when predicting the possibility of bankruptcy. It was also demonstrated that the time frame of two years is no longer effective when applying the model to Mexican companies. As a result, more research cases are needed to update the model to perform efficiently in emerging countries including country-specific conditions and considering a different time frame to predict bankruptcy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Background: Mexican children are characterized by a high‐starch intake diet and high prevalence of obesity. Objectives: To investigate the association of AMY1A/AMY2A copy numbers (CNs) and AMY1/AMY2 serum enzymatic activity with childhood obesity in up to 427 and 337 Mexican cases and controls. Methods: Anthropometric and dietary starch intake data were collected. CN of AMY1A/AMY2A and AMY1/AMY2 serum enzymatic activity were determined using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and enzymatic colorimetry, respectively. An individual participant level data meta‐analysis of association between AMY1A CNVs and obesity was also performed. Results: A positive association between AMY1A/AMY2A CNs and their corresponding AMY1/AMY2 serum enzyme activity was observed in children with normal weight and obesity. The serum enzyme activity of AMY1 and AMY2 was negatively associated with childhood obesity risk, and the association was restricted to kids eating medium/high amount of starch (Pinteraction =.004). While no association between AMY1A and AMY2A CNs and childhood obesity was observed in our sample, we confirmed a significant association between AMY1A CN and obesity in a meta‐analysis of 3100 Mexican children. Conclusions: Our data suggest that genetically determined salivary and pancreatic amylase activity can increase/decrease the risk of obesity in Mexican children, this effect being blunted by a low‐starch diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017, there were several outbreaks of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi in blackberry of the "Tupi" variety (Rubus subgenus Eubatus) crops in Los Reyes-Periban region, Michoacán. Fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic plants. In this work, the pathogen AB1 was morphological and molecularly characterized. Through BLAST homology searches of the 18S rRNA marker and the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the fungi AB1 had a high identity with fungus of Lasiodiplodia genus (Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Lasiodiplodia parva), additionally, infection of Lasiodiplodia sp. AB1 in blackberry plants was corroborated in vitro. This is the first report of the isolation of the phytopathogenic fungus Lasiodiplodia sp. in blackberry crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Neurociencias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Neurociencias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obesity and overweight are health problems of multifactorial etiology, which may include changes in the microbiome. In Mexico, more than 30 % of the child population between 5 and 11 years of age suffer from being overweight or are obese, which makes it a public health issue in progress. The purpose of this work was to measure the short-chain fatty acid concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and to characterize the bacterial diversity by ion torrent semiconductor sequencing, of 16S rDNA libraries prepared from stools collected from a sample of well-characterized Mexican children for normal weight, overweight, and obese conditions by anthropometric and biochemical criteria. We found that triglyceride levels are increased in overweight and obese children, who presented altered propionic and butyric acid concentrations in feces. In addition, although the colon microbiota did not show a clear bacterial dysbiosis among the three conditions, the abundance of some particular bacteria was changed with respect to normal controls. We conclude from our results that the imbalance in the abundance of at least nine different bacteria as well as altered short-chain fatty acid concentration in feces is associated to the overweight and obese conditions of Mexican children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: On April 2009, the Mexican Ministry of Health received notification of cases of severe pneumonia mostly affecting young healthy people; this was the beginning of the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. The nature of the immune response to the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic strain in Mexico at the beginning of the pandemic outbreak has not been completely defined. We describe the serological response to the 2009 pandemic influenza virus in paediatric patients with influenza-like illness, their household contacts (HHCs), and exposed health-care workers (HCWs) at the beginning of the pandemic outbreak in Mexico City. Methodology: thirty pre-epidemic and 129 epidemic samples were collected and serum antibodies were measured against A(H1N1)2009 pandemic virus and two non-pandemic swine influenza viruses by an haemagglutination inhibition assay . Results: 91% (29/32) of the convalescence samples from confirmed patients had an antibody titre ≥ 10 (GMT 25), 63% (41/65) of the HHCs (GMT 12), 41% of HCWs (GMT 6) and 13% (4/30) of pre-epidemic samples (GMT 6) for the pandemic influenza virus. Of the 32 confirmed cases, 60% had an antibody titre ≥ 40 for the pandemic strain, 53% for the A/swine/Iowa(H1N1) virus (GMT 62) and 43% for the A/swine/Texas(H3N2) virus (GMT 66). Conclusion: The antibody response to 2009 pandemic influenza virus was widespread in convalescence samples from patients with confirmed pandemic influenza infection but the GMT was below the protective titre. There was no evidence that antibodies to the swine influenza viruses had cross-protective effect against the 2009 pandemic influenza virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Neurociencias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dimensión Empresarial is the property of Universidad Autonoma del Caribe, Departamento del Atlantico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A field investigation of residential house damage in 83 localities of the Occidental part of México allowed construction of a macroseismic map of the moment magnitude 7.5 2003 Colima earthquake. The 12-grade modified Mercalli (MM) scale and the 7-grade damage scale of Whitman (1988) were used for estimating the earthquake intensities. The macroseismic effects of this earthquake were unexpected for the Occidental part of México. The earthquake occurred within the across-trench structure of the El Gordo Graben and was characterized by the down-dip across-trench directivity of its rupture, as reconstructed from seismic-waveform modeling. It was a reason for the severe damage to buildings in the localities situated at distances where usual along-trench rupturing subduction earthquakes of the same magnitude do not produce any significant damage. The macroseismic map of the 2003 earthquake shows that the narrow (30 km wide) MM VII zone was elongated (up to 60 km) in the northeast direction toward the continental part of Colima state. As a result, the intensity in Colima city was 1.5 grades larger than would be expected for this magnitude according to the proposed attenuation of intensity with distance relationship for earthquakes from the Mexican subduction zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a presentation of some of the outstanding deeds in the life of Juana Inés de la Cruz, in the first part, we intend, in the second part, to point out her lyrical production, emphasizing particularly the baroque character or her poetry. We analyse the first few lines of the poem Primero sueño, and we present a global view of this important poem, the most significant one of the Mexican writer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico is among the countries with the highest estimated excess mortality rates due to the COVID–19 pandemic, with more than half of reported deaths occurring in adults younger than 65 years old. Although this behavior is presumably influenced by the young demographics and the high prevalence of metabolic diseases, the underlying mechanisms have not been determined. The age–stratified case fatality rate (CFR) was estimated in a prospective cohort with 245 hospitalized COVID–19 cases, followed through time, for the period October 2020–September 2021. Cellular and inflammatory parameters were exhaustively investigated in blood samples by laboratory test, multiparametric flow cytometry and multiplex immunoassays. The CFR was 35.51%, with 55.2% of deaths recorded in middle–aged adults. On admission, hematological cell differentiation, physiological stress and inflammation parameters, showed distinctive profiles of potential prognostic value in patients under 65 at 7 days follow–up. Pre–existing metabolic conditions were identified as risk factors of poor outcomes. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), as single comorbidity or in combination with diabetes, had the highest risk for COVID–19 fatality. Of note, fatal outcomes in middle–aged patients were marked from admission by an inflammatory landscape and emergency myeloid hematopoiesis at the expense of functional lymphoid innate cells for antiviral immunosurveillance, including NK and dendritic cell subsets. Comorbidities increased the development of imbalanced myeloid phenotype, rendering middle–aged individuals unable to effectively control SARS–CoV–2. A predictive signature of high–risk outcomes at day 7 of disease evolution as a tool for their early stratification in vulnerable populations is proposed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Obesity is a metabolic disorder and global health issue. In Mexico 34.4% of children between 5 and 11 years-old are overweight or obese. Here we address this issue studying the gut microbiome in a sample of Mexican children affected by obesity. We performed metagenomic shotgun-sequencing of DNA isolated from fecal samples from a cohort of normal weight and obese Mexican children using Illumina platform with HiSeq 2500. We also examined their metabolic factors and fecal short-chain fatty acids concentration. The results show that a remarkable dysbiosis of bacteria, archaea and viruses was not observed in the obese children group compared to the normal weight group; however, the archaeal community exhibited an increase of unclassified Methanobrevibacter spp. in obese children. The bacterial communities of all participants were clustered into three different enterotypes. Most normal weight children have a gut bacterial community dominated by Ruminococcus spp. (Enterotype 3), while most obese children had a community dominated by Prevotella spp. (Enterotype 2). On the other hand, changes in the gut microbiome were correlated with clinical metadata and could be used to stratify individuals based on their phenotype. The species Megamonas spp. were over-represented in obese children, whereas members of the family Oscillospiraceae were depleted in the same individuals and negatively correlated with levels of serum cholesterol. A microbiome comparative metabolic pathway analysis showed that two KEGG pathway modules of glycolysis, Glycolysis I (from Glucose 6-Phosphate), and Glycolysis II (from Fructose 6-Phosphate) were significantly overrepresented in normal weight children. Our results establish specific alterations in the gut microbiome of Mexican children affected of obesity, along with clinical alterations, providing information on the microbiome composition that may be useful for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Obese children have a gut microbiota dominated by Prevotella spp. (Enterotype 2). • Family Oscillospiraceae negatively correlates with cholesterol in obese children. • Microbiome revealed abundant anabolic routes for aminoacids or sugar synthesis in obese children. • There is increased abundance of unclassified species of Methanobrevibacter in obese children. • There is a significant 19-fold increase of Human herpesvirus 4 in feces of obese children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne biological particles have a great potential to affect the hydrological cycle as they have been reported as the most efficient ice nucleating particles (INPs). However, their spatiospatial-temporal variability and their ice nucleation abilities are highly uncertain. The present study reports the ice-nucleating abilities, via immersion freezing, of 32 bacteria, 6 fungi, and 26 marine phytoplankton species isolated in different environments in Mexico. Although 15 of the 56 evaluated microorganisms were found to trigger ice formation at temperatures above −21.5 °C, 41 species (i.e., 91% of the studied microorganisms) can be considered as inefficient INPs as their median freezing temperatures (T 50) were observed to be below −25 °C. Only the Cupriavidus pauculus and the Phaeocystis sp. reported moderately warm T 50 values, i.e., −17.3 °C and − 19.5 °C, respectively. This corroborates the hypothesis that only a very limited fraction of the bioaerosol population have the potential to impact ice formation within clouds, including those found in the Tropics. Finally, out of the three bioparticles studied, phytoplankton showed to be the most efficient INP, in terms of T 50 , while fungal propagules show the lowest potential to impact mixed-phase cloud formation because of their poor ice-nucleating abilities. • The Cupriavidus pauculus and Phaeocystis sp. were identified as potential ice nucleating particles. • The ice nucleating abilities of the tropical microorganisms were comparable to those reported in higher latitudes. • The phytoplankton species were found to be the most efficient INPs followed by bacteria and fungal propagules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in Mexican children has increased during the last decade, as has the risk of early onset metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease.Objective: To determine the association ofAcantosis nigricans (AN)with dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and risk factors related to eating behavior in overweight and obese children.Patients and Methods: This transverse analytical study, conducted in two Mexico City primary schools, included 300 boys and girls. Information was gathered on hereditary and perinatal background. A physical examination provided data on the presence/absence of AN, blood pressure, weight and height. The BMI and Z-score were calculated. The serum concentration of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides was quantified and the lipoprotein profile determined.Results: The prevalence of AN was 41.7%. An association was found between ANand risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including BMI (rS 0.432; p < 0.0001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure above the 90th percentile (rS 0.231, p < 0.0001; rS 0.128, p = 0.026; respectively), hypertriglyceridemia (rS 0.156; p = 0.007), and low levels of cHDL (rS -0.160; p = 0.006). ANwas also associated with risk eating behavior, including dieting to lose weight (p = 0.004), losing control over eating (p = 0.023), and body fat percentage above the 90th percentile (χ2 = 35.1; p = 0.0001). No association was observed between ANand serum glucose concentration (rS -0.018; p = 0.759). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association of ANwith a low concentration of cHDL (RM: 1.726; p = 0.041) and a high percentage of body fat (> 48%) (RM: 3.591; p = 0.001).Conclusion: A high prevalence of ANwas found in overweight and obese children. There was an association between ANand risk factors of cardiovascular disease, including Z-score, BMI, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular fingerprints of 878 isolates of Mycobacterium bovis from cattle, mostly dairy cattle, collected from cattle between 2009 and 2010 in different regions of Mexico were obtained by spoligotyping. Seventy-two percent (72 %) of the spoligotypes fell into nine clusters, and 27 % of the isolates fell into only two spoligotypes; 149 were orphan spoligotypes. The two predominant spoligotypes, arbitrarily designated as SP1 and SP2, were found in almost all States in Mexico, especially in central Mexico, where a concentration of dairy cattle is known. In spite of the wide distribution of spoligotypes observed, some show high regional preference, especially those in geographically distant regions. Only a few spoligotypes show patterns completely different from those shown by the most frequent spoligotypes, suggesting strange sources of infection or the formation of new genetic lines derived from non-lethal mutations. Most States with predominantly high dairy cattle populations showed similar spoligotypes, suggesting exchange of animals between regions. Some spoligotypes are common to dairy and beef cattle, suggesting transmission between populations, most probably due to the movement of dairy cattle to non-dairy regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se obtuvieron patrones moleculares (espoligotipos) de 878 aislados de Mycobacterium bovis de ganado de diferentes regiones de México entre los años 2009 y 2010. Setenta y dos por ciento (72 %) de los espoligotipos cayeron en nueve grupos y 27 % de los aislados dentro de sólo dos espoligotipos; 149 fueron espoligotipos individuales. Los dos espoligotipos predominantes, arbitrariamente identificados como SP1 y SP2, se distribuyen en la mayor parte del territorio nacional, en especial en la zona centro de México en ganado especializado en producción de leche. A pesar de la amplia distribución geográfica de los espoligotipos de mayor frecuencia, algunos muestran cierta localización, en especial los encontrados en zonas geográficas distantes, como es el caso de Chihuahua y Baja California. Aunque pocos, algunos espoligotipos muestran patrones moleculares distintos a los mostrados por los espoligotipos de mayor frecuencia, sugiriendo fuentes de infección desconocida. La mayoría de los Estados con ganadería predominantemente lechera muestran espoligotipos comunes, lo que sugiere intercambio regional frecuente de ganado. Algunos espoligotipos son comunes en ganado para leche y ganado para carne, lo que sugiere transmisión entre estas dos poblaciones; se desconoce, sin embargo, si los animales de carne infectados provienen de explotaciones extensivas o si son de engordas ubicadas dentro de la explotación lechera. Se propone la tipificación rutinaria de aislados de M. bovis obtenidos en todos los laboratorios de diagnóstico y mejorar la captura de información epidemiológica de los casos, para hacer mejores conclusiones epidemiológicas de la distribución espacial de las cepas de este agente en el territorio nacional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The molecular fingerprints of 878 isolates of Mycobacterium bovis collected from cattle between 2009 and 2010 in different regions of Mexico were used in this study. One hundred and ninety-four spoligotypes were observed in total with a high degree of heterogeneity. Sixty-four percent of the isolates grouped into just nine spoligotypes, and 27% fell into only two spoligotypes: SB0673 and SB0669; 149 were orphan spoligotypes. The two predominant spoligotypes were found in almost all states in Mexico, especially in central Mexico, where there is a high concentration of dairy cattle; however, some spoligotypes were closely associated with restricted geographical areas. The hypothetical evolutionary relationship among spoligotypes was estimated using the spoligoforest program in the spolTools webpage. Four trees with connected components and nine unconnected nodes were found. The biggest tree had SB0140 strain as a root, suggesting this as the oldest strain in the tree. However, the relationship of this spoligotype with SB0673 and SB0669 was weak. The discriminatory power of spoligotyping for this M. bovis sample of isolates was 0.94, and the recent transmission index (RTI) 0.83, suggesting a high rate of recent transmission of some strains of M. bovis in the population. This parameter indicates that new measures are required to stop the dissemination of tuberculosis in cattle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be rapidly developed from influenza virus genetic sequences in order to supply vaccine after the onset of a pandemic. The safety and immunogenicity of one or two doses of a recombinant A (H1N1) 2009 influenza VLP vaccine was evaluated in a two-stage, Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in 4563 healthy adults, 18–64 years of age, during the H1N1 2009 pandemic in Mexico. In Part A, 1013 subjects were randomized into four treatment groups (5μg, 15μg, or 45μg hemagglutinin [HA] VLP vaccine or placebo) and vaccinated 21 days apart, with sera collected on Days 1, 14 and 36 for hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) testing. After review of safety and immunogenicity data from Part A, additional subjects were immunized with a single dose of 15μg VLP vaccine (N =2537) or placebo (N =1011) and assessed for safety in Part B. Results showed the H1N1 2009 VLP vaccine was safe and well-tolerated. Systemic solicited events were similar between placebo and VLP vaccinated groups with no vaccine-related serious adverse events. Dose response trends for solicited local adverse events were observed, with higher incidences of local pain, swelling, tenderness, and redness reported in the higher VLP dose groups (15μg and 45μg) compared to the placebo and 5μg VLP groups following both vaccinations. Although the majority of local AEs were mild in severity, a dose trend in events of moderate or greater severity was also noted for these solicited events. The VLP vaccine groups demonstrated robust HAI immune responses after a single vaccination, with high rates of seroprotection (≥40 HAI titer) in 82–92% of all subjects and in 64–85% of subjects who were seronegative at the time of immunization. HAI geometric mean titers (GMTs), geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and seroconversion rates were also all statistically higher in the VLP groups compared to placebo for both post-baseline time points. Based on these data, additional clinical trials are in development to evaluate influenza vaccine candidate antigens manufactured using Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9)/baculovirus-based VLP technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]