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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) predispose to viral coinfections in patients submitted to renal replacement therapy (RRT); nevertheless, few reports have been performed to elucidate the current epidemiology within this population in Mexico. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV coinfection and to explore factors associated with prevalent coinfection in patients living with renal failure undergoing to RRT. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional recruitment across 21 units at the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) at the State of Mexico was performed during 2019. A standardized clinical questionnaire was performed to elucidate individual and relatives-related conditions. A treatment facility questionnaire was applied to the chief responsible of each unit to explore treatment facility variables. Serological testing, clinical, biochemical, and anthropometrical parameters were extracted from clinical records. Result: In 1,304 patients (57.5% male, mean age 45.5 (SD: 15.6) years, and 95.8% in hemodialysis), the prevalence of any viral coinfection was 3.14% (95% CI: 2.32%-4.23%). The highest viral coinfection prevalence were for HCV, HBV, and HIV, in which men and subjects diagnosed after 2010's had the highest rates. We identify that being submitted to peritoneal dialysis, being treated in a surrogated dialysis center and living with a close relative with prior hepatitis coinfection were associated factors for any viral coinfection. Conclusion: In patients submitted to RRT, the prevalence of viral coinfection remains high compared with general population. Screening strategies, medical awareness and targeted public healthcare policies should prioritize better care practices within patients submitted to RRT in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cubana de Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the lower parts of the Sierra Nevada, Puebla, Mexico, small farmers grow one of the most traditional chilis in Mexican cuisine, poblano chili. The variability in agricultural practices and the characteristics of the soil lead to various microenvironments of production, causing a variation in the populations of beneficial microorganisms. The objective of the present investigation was to quantify the microbial populations [total fungi (HT), total bacteria (BT), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (BSP), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (BFN), auxin-producing bacteria (BPA) and mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular (HMA)] and fruit production in plantations of poblano chili grown in the open field. By means of serial dilutions and seeding in specific media, HT, BT, BSP, BFN and BPA were quantified. The colonization by HMA was determined by the method of thinning and staining with trypan blue. The highest populations of BT and BPA were found in site seven (Huejotzingo), soil with high phosphorus content (428.8 mg kg-1 ), HT, BSP and BFN were better in site one (San Matias Tlalancaleca), this site did not present the best soil characteristics, but higher altitude, which correlated positively with these microorganisms. Mycorrhizal colonization was better at site nine (Huejotzingo), in a soil with low phosphorus content (44.3 mg kg-1 ) and moderately alkaline pH (7.6). The yield of fruits was higher in site 8 (Huejotzingo), which presented higher content of organic matter (1.48%) and total nitrogen (0.07%) in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Historia is the property of Universidad de Costa Rica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the amaranth growing region of Tulyehualco (Valley of Mexico) stem tunneling attributed to larvae of the curculionid Hypolixus truncatulus has been reported. The aim of this study was to test the effect of cultivar and plant densities on stem tunnelling. A bifactorial experiment with two cultivars and two plant density was carried out. The cultivars were Frondosa and Tulyehualco, and plant densities were 62 500 and 380 000 plants ha-1. Vegetative growth, number or larvae, percentage of stem tunnelling and yield data were collected from 10 plants in each of 16 experimental plots. All sampled plants showed stem tunnelling damage. Hypolixus truncatulus and Amauromyza abnormalis were identified from larvae stages. Both species have been reported in Mexican Amaranth cultures. The shorter cultivar (Frondosa) had 70% of the stem affected by larvae tunnelling, in contrast to 80% in the taller cultivar (Tulyehualco); statistical differences were significant (P<0.05). The number of larvae at harvest was significantly larger in the taller cultivar (18 larvae) compared to Frondosa (12.5 larvae). High plant density resulted in a significant reduction of stem diameter for both cultivars; however, there were no differences (P>0.05) in number of larvae per plant and in stem tunnelling damage in the two plant densities. These results are in disagreement with the hypothesis that a reduction in stem diameter caused by a change in amaranth canopy should result in a smaller larvae population and damage by stem borers. The number of larvae and percentage of stem tunnelling damage did not affect grain yield and biomass production parameters. Results suggest that the shorter length of the production cycle for the early cultivar (Frondosa) might favour a smaller larvae population and a lesser damage in stem tunnelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few studies regarding MRI-defined acute optic nerve lesions (aONL) in patients with first-ever neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)-related optic neuritis (ON) have been reported worldwide and none of them was conducted in Latin America (LATAM). Therefore, we aimed to assess the frequency of aONL at disease onset using conventional brain MRI in LATAM., Methods: We reviewed the medical records and brain MRIs (≤30 days from ON onset) of patients with ON as first lifetime NMOSD attack. Patients from Argentina (n=48), Ecuador (n=24), Brazil (n=22), Venezuela (n=10) and Mexico (n=8) were included, and further divided into two subgroups according to either presence (P-MRI) or absence (A-MRI) of aONL (T2 hyperintensity and/or contrast enhancement). Clinical, paraclinical, imaging and prognostic data were compared., Results: A total of 112 patients were included and aONL were found in 86 (76.7%) at disease onset. Aquaporin-4 antibodies were detected in 69.6%. Non-Caucasian patients comprised 59.8% of the total cohort. In P-MRI, conventional brain MRI showed isolated or combined unilateral (54.4%, [8.5% of these aONL were associated with chiasmatic lesions]) and bilateral (46.6%, [35.9% of these aONL were associated with chiasmatic lesions]) lesions. Thus, 100% of chiasmatic lesions were associated with unilateral or bilateral lesions. No statistically significant differences were found in age, gender, ethnicity, clinical course, mean follow-up time, disability, and spinal cord MRI findings. However, rituximab use was higher in P-MRI than in A-MRI (p=0.006)., Conclusions: More than three quarters of LATAM patients with first-ever NMOSD-related ON have aONL detected by brain MRI. Unilateral lesions were the most common finding. Further studies including different ethnicities are needed to assess the generalizability of our results., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)