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The Neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) is a mustelid distributed geographically from Mexico to Argentina. Anomalous origins of the aortic arch branches are rarely reported in wild carnivorans. Therefore, this study aimed to report the anomalous branching of the aortic arch in one formaldehyde‐fixed specimen of L. longicaudis. The aortic arch provided three branches: the bicarotid trunk and the left and right subclavian arteries. The latter passed dorsally to the esophagus toward the right side without a mark of compression at the esophagus. This is the first report of an anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery in L. longicaudis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Takayasu arteritis is a well-known yet rare form of large vessel vasculitis. Takayasu arteritis affects mainly women, and is most commonly seen in Japan, South East Asia, India, and Mexico, where it usually presents in the 2nd or 3rd decade of life. It is seen usually as pulseless disorder often with bruit at the stenosed arteries. Manifestations range from asymptomatic disease, to catastrophic strokes. Angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Approximately half of those patients treated with steroids will respond, and half of the remaining patients respond to methotrexate; mycophenolatemofetil may be useful. Fertility is not adversely affected and pregnancy does not appear to exacerbate the disease, although management of hypertension is essential. We herewith report a rare case of an11 year old girl, who presented with left-sided hemiparesis, dysarthria, left UMN facial palsy, feeble pulses on right side, high Blood Pressure recordings and positive anticardiolipin antibodies. Imaging studies revealed Occluded right Common carotid artery, occluded right subclavian artery and stenotic right renal artery and MRI showed Acute Infarcts in Right Basal Ganglia and Right High Parietal Region, Hemorrhagic infarct in right MCA subcortical area.The diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis with recent cerebrovascular accident (left hemiparesis) with hypertension was made and the patient was started on steroids, anti-platelets, anti-hypertensives and physiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lontra longicaudis is a semi-aquatic carnivorous mammal that belongs to the Mustelidae family and Lutrinae subfamily. It is found in South and Central America, from southern Mexico to Uruguay and up to 3,000 m altitude. In this study, vascularization of the aortic arch is described in the neotropical otter. Eight animals were studied, three puppies and five adults from the Otter Project of the Instituto Ekko Brasil. The results indicate that the brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery originated from the aortic arch in all animals studied. This pattern is similar to that found in wild and domestic carnivores. The brachiocephalic trunk arises three arteries, the left common carotid artery, the right common carotid artery, and the right subclavian artery, the latter two being emitted from a common trunk. The right and left subclavian arteries give origin to five vessels represented by the vertebral artery, the superficial cervical artery, the internal thoracic artery, the costocervical trunk, and the axillary artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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