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Introduction. The development of the medical institution during "El Porfiriato" in Mérida city have been reported and promoted many times as overyly simple chronicles, which has prevented necessary discussions about what medical scientific ideas were behind its conception, and prevented restructuring during this period. In contrast, we propose to address these issues by advancing a "History of the ideas" The Objective of this historical essay is to identify the medical and hygienic ideas that influenced and shaped the Agustin O'Horan Hospital in Mérida during the historic period known as "El Porfiriato", with the goal of encouraging a more critical historical debate about the Agustin O'Horan Hospital. The materials used in this essay come from different origins, including primary sources as archives, newspapers and studies from the period, as well as bibliographical sources, to which we applied the historical methods of Source criticism and interpretation. The conclusion of the work is important, since it identifies the importance of medical ideology in the projection in shaping the new O"Horán Hospital, after its founding in 1906. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the development of infrastructure in Mexico City, Mexico as it approached the 100th anniversary of its independence from Spain. It examines the role of doctors and engineers who designed projects, such as drainage, potable water systems, and landscape gardening to improve sanitation conditions in the city beginning in the late 19th century. The author analyzes how these improvements impacted illnesses and the spread of disease throughout the urban area. The town planning efforts of these professionals and their impact on 20th century Mexico City is also explored.

The primary source of this article is textbooks, which expressed the ways of appropriating culture and the practices of Mexican teachers in the late 19th century. Such texts, without losing their didactic nature, led new readers to explore in the sphere of playfulness. The teachers and specialists who participated in the congresses on hygiene and pedagogy (1882, 1889 and 1891) agreed to standardize the classrooms and school life of Mexican students in order to offer healthy, clean schools for teaching useful, judicious knowledge oriented to science and progress. The notions of hygiene were presented by reading texts that addressed topics related to geography, morals, objects, and physical and natural sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de documentar el estado de la higiene y los preceptos que a ella atañen en la ciudad de Morelia, México, durante el porfiriato. Para ello se consultaron documentos de la época, como periódicos, memorias de gobierno, leyes y reformas del Bando de Policía decretados por los gobiernos en turno en materia de higiene privada y pública., This work was carried out with the objective of documenting the state of hygiene and the precepts that concern it, in the city of Morelia, Mexico during the Porfiriato period. In order to do that, documents of that time were consulted such as newspapers, government reports, laws and reforms of the Police Band decreed by the governments, concerning public and private hygiene., (Copyright: © 2021 Permanyer.)