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In this research, Bougainvillea glabra paper flower extract was used to quickly synthesize biogenic silver nanoparticles (BAgNPs) utilizing green chemistry. Using the flower extract as a biological reducing agent, silver nanoparticles were generated by the conversion of Ag+ cations to Ag0 ions. Data patterns obtained from physical techniques for characterizing BAgNPs, employing UV-visible, scattering electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), suggested that the nanoparticles have a spherical to oval form with size ranging from 10 to 50 nm. Spectroscopy and microscopic analysis were used to learn more about the antibacterial properties of the biologically produced BAgNPs from Bougainvillea glabra. Further, the potential mechanism of action of nanoparticles was investigated by studying their interactions in vitro with several bacterial strains and mammalian cancer cell systems. Finally, we can conclude that BAgNPs can be functionalized to dramatically inhibit bacterial growth and the growth of cancer cells in culture conditions, suggesting that biologically produced nanomaterials will provide new opportunities for a wide range of biomedical applications in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical and climatic variables such as Tree Canopy coverage, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Distance to Roads, Distance to the Coast, Impervious Surface, and Precipitation can affect land surface temperature (LST). This paper examines the relationships using linear regression models and explores LST trends in the Miami Statistical Area (MSA) between 2002 and 2021. This study evaluates the effect of dry and wet seasons as well as day and night data on LST. A multiscale investigation is used to examine LST trends at the MSA scale, the individual county level, and at the pixel level to provide a detailed local perspective. The multiscale results are needed to understand spatiotemporal LST distributions to plan mitigation measures such as planting trees or greenery to regulate temperature and reduce the impacts of surface urban heat islands. The results indicate that LST values are rising in the MSA with a positive trend throughout the 20-year study period. The rate of change (RoC) for the wet season is smaller than for the dry season. The pixel-level analysis suggests that the RoC is primarily in rural areas and less apparent in urban areas. New development in rural areas may trigger increased RoC. This RoC relates to LST in the MSA and is different from global or regional RoC using air temperature. Results also suggest that climatic explanatory variables have different impacts during the night than they do in the daytime. For instance, the Tree Canopy variable has a positive coefficient, while during the day, the Tree Canopy variable has a negative relationship with LST. The Distance to the Coast variable changes from day to night as well. The increased granularity achieved with the multiscale analysis provides critical information needed to improve the effectiveness of potential mitigation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex trafficking is one type of human trafficking, which involves scenarios where individuals are not paid and are forced to engage in forced sex, forced prostitution, and sexual slavery. Online advertising is increasingly used by traffickers as an anonymous and efficient method to exploit victims. Large sporting events have been linked to increases in sex trafficking, although there is limited empirical evidence to support this claim. The goal of this study is to answer the following question: What is the relationship between Super Bowls and potential online sex trafficking? Using time series Poisson analysis of secondary data on online sexual service advertisements in Florida during the 2020 and 2021 Super Bowls, which took place in Miami and Tampa, Florida, respectively, the result indicates an increase in online advertisements that exhibit indicators of sex trafficking during the two Super Bowls. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for federal, state, and local law enforcement for improving sex trafficking responses during large sporting events and outlines a future research agenda on the relationship between large sporting events and sex trafficking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a study on why arsenate seemed to support bacterial growth by Murray P. Deutscher and colleagues at the University of Miami in Florida. In this study, the authors used a common laboratory strain of Escherichia coli with radioactively tagged RNA. They demonstrated that there was significant breakdown of ribosomes in the bacterial cultures grown in the presence of arsenate.

Purpose ? The purpose of this paper is to report on the sixth international conference on occupational stress and health. Design/methodology/approach ? In March 2006, the sixth international conference on occupational stress and health was held jointly by the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in Miami. The conference title was ?Work, Stress, and Health 2006: Making a Difference in the Workplace? . Papers presented at the conference provided important insight on the growing body of diversity literature. Findings ? Specifically, researchers found that diversity plays a significant role in understanding the effects of occupational stress. Stress may be preceived differently, dealth with differently and may have different outcomes for minorities than with male Caucasians. Practical Implications ? The session on Interpersonal violence suggested that researchers should consider the employment status and occupational level of victims. Furthermore, new research is trying to estimate the actual financial cost to organizations. Originality/value ? Overall, the conference was successful and provided future directions for research on diversity and occupational stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current need for collaborative spaces has led to the emergence of various innovative place types that encourage the exchange of ideas, skill development, and innovation. Among these, Art + Design incubators have proven to be highly effective in fostering a collaborative and creative culture, bringing together artists, designers, and entrepreneurs to collaborate. While establishing a direct link between physical space and creativity can be challenging, this paper aims to explore the potential of Art + Design incubators in facilitating collaboration and creativity. To achieve this, the research focuses on a case study of a university facility in Miami, utilizing a mixed method approach. The data collection involves journal documentations to identify creative activities within the incubator, activity mappings to track users' locations and movements associated with creative activity, and focus groups to gain insights into how incubators facilitate creativity and collaboration. Considering the growing significance of collaboration and creativity in modern workplaces, the study's findings will have implications for the future evolution of work environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Distal pancreatectomy is a standard treatment for tumours of the pancreatic body and tail. Minimally invasive techniques for all types of pancreatic tumours (benign and malignant) are being established, while concerns regarding oncological safety, cost effectiveness and learning curves are being explored with prospective studies. This paper presents our unit's data in the context of the above concerns and provides a relevant narrative review of the current literature. (2) Methods: Data were collected retrospectively between 2014 and 2021 for all adult patients who underwent elective distal pancreatectomy in our tertiary care referral HPB Unit. Data on demographics, underlying pathology, perioperative variables and post-operative complications were collected and reported using descriptive statistics. On review of the Miami guidelines, four important but less validated areas regarding distal pancreatectomy are presented in light of the current evidence; these are recent randomised controlled trials, oncological safety, cost effectiveness and learning curves in minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP). (3) Results: 207 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy in total from 2014–2021, with 114 and 93 patients undergoing open and minimally invasive techniques, respectively. 44 patients were operated on for PDAC in the open vs. 17 in the minimally invasive group. The operative time was 212 min for the open and 248 min for the minimally invasive group. The incidence of pancreatic fistula was higher in the minimally invasive group vs. the open group (16% vs. 4%). (4) Conclusions: Our unit's data conform with the published literature, including three randomised control trials. These published studies will not only pave the way for establishing minimally invasive techniques for suitable patients, but also define their limitations and indications. Future studies will inform us about the oncological safety, cost effectiveness, overall survival and learning curves regarding patients undergoing minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view that cities will continue to house the majority of the world's population at an increasing rate in the face of climate change, this paper studies urban resilience by examining the response history of the mean-square displacement of the citizens of large cities prior to and upon historic natural hazards strike. The recorded mean-square displacements of large numbers of cellphone users from the cities of Houston, Miami, and Jacksonville when struck by hurricanes Harvey 2017, Irma 2017, and Dorian 2019 together with the recorded mean-square displacements of the citizens of Dallas and Houston when experiencing the 2021 North American winter storm suggest that large cities of average population density when struck by natural hazards are inherently resilient. The recorded mean-square displacements presented in this study also validate a mechanical model for cities, previously developed by the authors, that is rooted in Langevin dynamics and predicts that following a natural hazard, large cities revert immediately to their initial steady-state behavior and resume their normal, preevent activities. The inherent ability of large American cities to revert to their normal, preevent, steady-state response as evidenced in this study by the recorded mean-square displacement of their citizens needs to be further explored for other cities around the world with different resources, and socioeconomic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miami University has used Native American imagery to promote itself since its founding. In 1929, Miami teams began using the racist term Redsk*ns. In 1996–1997, they changed the name to RedHawks. Despite the strengthening relationship between the university and the tribe, the racist mascot imagery remained visible in the university community. In 2017–2018, the university returned to Native American imagery by unveiling a new "Heritage Logo" to represent a commitment to restoring the Myaamia language and culture. In this paper, the authors used tribal critical race theory to analyze how the Heritage Logo represents a point of interest convergence, where symbols of the tribe signal acceptance and recognition of the Myaamia people, while institutional racism and the possessive investment of whiteness are left ignored and unaddressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides an overview of the waves of immigrants that have shaped Miami since its founding, while focusing on the decisive effect that the Cuban exile community had in transforming Miami into an emerging global city. Through detailed and illustrative case studies, the paper highlights the stories and constructed physical environments of three Cuban exile families. The chosen examples are notable for their capacity to have withstood the test of time, creating a sense of community through the adaptation and transformation of architectural spaces in support of social customs and rituals characteristic of a displaced homeland. In the end, they are emblematic of a cross-cultural urbanism that overlays Cuban social customs atop existing American urban environments to create new spaces of meaning, memory and community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to call for change in disaster research through a metis-based approach that values practical skills and knowledge (vs technical knowledge) derived from responding to ongoing changes in the natural and human environment. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on metis from Miami-Dade County that is prone to an array of climate-related disasters. Metis is supplemented by a review of secondary sources (e.g. newspaper articles, government reports). Findings: There is a need to reconceptualize disaster phases in disaster research—preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. For many members of marginalized communities of color, this paper depicts preparedness and mitigation as luxuries and response as a time of worry about financial obligations and survival after the disaster. It suggests that even communities that are not on a hurricane's path could have post-disaster experiences. It also highlights ongoing risks to marginalized communities' physical and mental well-being that are in addition to the mental health impacts of the disaster during the recovery phase. Originality/value: This paper's originality is twofold: (1) underlining the importance of metis, a less studied and understood concept in disaster risk reduction, prevention and management literature and (2) questioning disaster researchers' technical knowledge with respect to each of the four disaster phases in light of metis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates television weather forecasters' role in leading discussions about climate change. It focuses on Miami, a city that has become a symbol of climate change's effects in local, national and international imaginations. Most studies of climate change communication focus on the transmission of information from one group to another, such as from scientists to the lay public, but they do not capture the ways that climate knowledge can become part of everyday community life. This paper uses the case of TV weather reporters, or weathercasters, in Miami to investigate their roles as both participants in and instigators of 'community ritual'. I combine James Carey's concepts of communication as transmission and ritual with Candis Callison's description of climate change vernaculars to show that ritual and community-building are just as important in facilitating the acceptance of talking about climate change as the broadcasting of scientific concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer modeling and simulation are essential for predicting architectural solutions performance. When integrated into the design process; they are known as performance-based design. During the design process, fast analytical cycles are required. However, daylighting simulations are challenging due to computational processing and time requirements. This paper presents a comparative study of fast daylight simulation methods, two-phase, three-phase and path tracing, in a hypothetical commercial building located in Miami, Florida. Five types of static glass and one electrochromic glass were tested with six parametric models of a translucent horizontal shading device. Daysim was used as reference. The two-phase method produced results similar to the reference results with faster processing times for static facades. For dynamic facades, the path tracing method with the tested interface enabled faster simulations and parametric variations. However, the three-phase method yielded a lower average error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to introduce moral re-armament's (MRA) role as a mediator in several labor/management disputes in industries primarily in the 1940s and 1950s. In this study, MRA was guided by a social responsibility framed in language that was a precursor to corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study features the case of the Miami-based airlines serving Latin America, who had experienced the longest airline labor strike to that date. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, both artifacts and literary interpretations are used to inform an institutional-theory-based approach to a broad social movement, one player in that movement and its impact on an industry. Actions at one time can be shown to relate to activity and behavior at another time (Wadhwani and Bucheli, 2014). Thus, this paper has combined these perspectives in the approach to historically examine a precursor phenomenon of CSR. Findings: MRA's approach shared some methods, such as story-telling, with modern change management. This paper proposes that other methods that were important for that historical context played a significant role in MRA's success. Today, these methods are no longer used. These include "intimacy" (MRA employees lived with members of labor and management while they were mediating), "theater" (they showed plays to all of those involved) and confessional sharing (their training was mostly a series of testimonies by those who previously were combative, but became collaborative when they accepted MRA's principles). Originality/value: This historical case may inspire those promoting CSR to expand their methods to have even greater success today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic studies of disease progression can be used to identify factors that may influence survival or prognosis, which may differ from factors that influence on disease susceptibility. Studies of disease progression feed directly into therapeutics for disease, whereas studies of incidence inform prevention strategies. However, studies of disease progression are known to be affected by collider (also known as "index event") bias since the disease progression phenotype can only be observed for individuals who have the disease. This applies equally to observational and genetic studies, including genome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. In this paper, our aim is to review several statistical methods that can be used to detect and adjust for index event bias in studies of disease progression, and how they apply to genetic and MR studies using both individual- and summary-level data. Methods to detect the presence of index event bias include the use of negative controls, a comparison of associations between risk factors for incidence in individuals with and without the disease, and an inspection of Miami plots. Methods to adjust for the bias include inverse probability weighting (with individual-level data), or Slope-Hunter and Dudbridge et al.'s index event bias adjustment (when only summary-level data are available). We also outline two approaches for sensitivity analysis. We then illustrate how three methods to minimise bias can be used in practice with two applied examples. Our first example investigates the effects of blood lipid traits on mortality from coronary heart disease, while our second example investigates genetic associations with breast cancer mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the possibility of using a dry fluid cooler with advanced control strategies in a vertical closed-loop GSHP system to reduce the borehole size with the intention of increasing the cost-effectiveness of the system without compromising system efficiency. The developed system is expected to be a game changer in the residential sector of the USA involving the use of high-efficiency heat pump systems as a substitute for conventional systems for space cooling and heating in hot/warm climates. The simulation results show that (1) the use of a dry fluid cooler with advanced control strategies in a GSHP system contributes to increasing or maintaining the GSHP system's efficiency in the long run by balancing the heating and cooling through charging thermal energy to the ground in hot climates; (2) the concept of integrating a dry fluid cooler into a GSHP system with advanced control strategies is proven to be effective for the studied house located in hot climates, such as Miami. In comparison to a conventional GSHP system, the initial system costs can be reduced by up to around 14% by shortening the borehole length without compromising system efficiency because of the use of a dry fluid cooler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While classical ruins are seen as tourist destinations, contemporary or industrial ruins are dismissed as disused sites. In this paper I argue for the preservation of urban (or contemporary) ruins. I focus on one specific case, that of the Miami Marine Stadium in Miami, Florida USA. Since the 1990s the stadium has been derelict, a canvas for graffiti artists and a home to skateboarders. In 2018 the City of Miami decided to revamp the stadium and reopen it as a concert and sporting venue. The current design-development plan has sanitized this urban ruin, robbing it of its past. I will situate the debate about rehabilitating contemporary ruins within the growing literature of the neo-picturesque, specifically neo-picturesque landscape design. I believe that urban ruins such as these have a place in the modern city and will suggest some paths forward for these neo-picturesque ruin beauties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on the 12th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC) 2006 in Miami, Florida is presented. The author discusses that the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer (IEEE) CEFC is one of the most important forums for the computational electromagnetics community. He added that only 614 paper digests were submitted for review to determine their suitability for inclusion in the technical programs.

This paper aims to analyze how tourist information generated by market research drives destination management and marketing organizations' promotional efforts, expanding research about tourist information and the destination management and marketing organization's (DMMO) role. The focus is on describing the Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau's (GMCVB) marketing management that defines Miami/FL as a tourist destination. In this descriptive case study, the authors conducted bibliographic and documentary research and semi-structured interviews with the GMCVB. The results demonstrate the influence of information on the GMCVB's marketing management through four topics: Miami's image, the GMCVB's corporate structure, some GMCVB's initiatives, and the marketing campaigns. In conclusion, the study suggests that data collection through market research should be destination management and marketing organizations' primary concern since information is the asset that will guide all their functions, strategies, and activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Miami, the US racial category of "white" is being re‐defined to include light skinned Latinx immigrants. In the process, US‐born white Miamians find themselves displaced from the top of Miami's social hierarchy as light skinned Latinx immigrants take over these social positions. This racialized Latinx social re‐positioning is particularly visible in Miami's restaurant industry where the developing social hierarchy leaves white women restaurant workers juggling their white privilege and their traditional gendered roles, with this playing out most profoundly amongst those who occupy "back of house," or kitchen jobs, where they become both racial and gender minorities. Through the case study of Geena, a white female cook, I will explore the extent to which the precarity of privilege motivates white women to be audacious actors of resistance in a racialized, hetero‐patriarchal restaurant industry. Using an intersectional framework to analyze Geena's lived experiences, this paper focuses specifically on the degree to which her ideas of hope are shaped by class, language, ableism, and sexual orientation. As I will demonstrate through Geena's case study, ideas of hope allow white women to reposition themselves as white saviors, effectively reasserting and reifying whiteness as a superior social category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study that evaluates the nature of the associations (i.e., linear or non-linear) between built environment variables and pedestrian crash frequency at the census block group level. A machine learning approach, called the componentwise model-based gradient boosting algorithm, was implemented to estimate the nature and effects of sociodemographic, land use, road network, and traffic attributes on pedestrian crashes from Broward and Miami-Dade Counties in Florida. The algorithm provides the flexibility to use different types of base-learners, including but not limited to decision tree (DT), generalized additive model (GAM), and Markov Random Field (MRF). While gradient boosting with DT base-learner has widely been used in safety studies, other base-learners and their performances in crash frequency predictions are yet to be explored. This study compared the performance of DT and GAM base-learners, with an MRF base-learner to account for spatial correlation among analysis units. Models fitted with GAM base-learner were found to perform better than the models fitted with DT base-learner, with several variables showing non-linear and several showing linear or approximately linear correlations with pedestrian crash frequency. The study provides useful insights on how the results can help urban planners and policy makers to optimize pedestrian safety measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the consequences of hate crime victimization primarily focuses on adverse health and economic effects with limited attention devoted to the socio-behavioral impact of crime. Informed by Intersectionality Theory (Crenshaw, 1989) and relying on 400 in-person structured interviews with LGBTQ Latine immigrant victims of crime in Miami, this research finds that 23% of victims had to change housing, 13% began avoiding queer venues/friends, and 35% started acting stereotypically "straight" because of the crime. New immigrant victims were more likely to experience forced relocation due to crime. Victims were more likely to adopt heteronormative behavior/appearance as a result of victimization if they were non-Cuban-American, had higher income, and were more closeted. Findings suggest that coming out can be an important crime control strategy. The paper concludes with a discussion about the benefits and limitations of adopting the intersectionality perspective in quantitative research, and three-stage venue-based sampling used to recruit participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes the usefulness of an endodontic template for the removal of a fiber post. A 40-year-old man presented with discomfort in the maxillary left canine. Clinical and radiographic examinations showed tooth #23 with a permanent core material retained with fiber post along with a persistent apical radiolucency. Among the various treatment modalities, nonsurgical root canal retreatment with fiber post removal using a conservative fully guided approach was proposed. After obtaining both the cone-beam computed tomographic images and the cast surface scan, their data were merged using implant planning software (ImplaStation for Windows x64 Bit Beta Version, ProDigiDent, Miami, Florida, USA) and superimposed. The drilling space was planned based on the location, diameter, and apical extent of the fiber post and was virtually overlapped and transferred clinically using a resin template to drill through the fiber post. With guides in position over the rubber dam, drilling was made with increments of 2 mm using a size 4 long-shank round bur (Thomas, Bourges, France) until it exposed the coronal gutta-percha. As soon as the canal was located, K3 rotary files (Sybron Endo, Orange, USA) were used along with chloroform to remove the old obturating materials. Then, additional shaping and cleaning were done with ProTaper Next rotary files (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), sizes X2 and X3, and 5.25% NaOCl irrigation, respectively. The root canal was then dried with paper points and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using the continuous-wave compaction technique. Finally, the tooth was temporarily restored using the double seal technique with zinc oxide and zinc sulfate-based temporary material (Cavit W; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and resin-modified glass ionomer material (Photac Fil; ESPE, Norristown, PA, USA) filling materials and referred for the final restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the effect of tidal changes on minor flooding in most lagoonal estuaries, often due to a paucity of historical records that predate landscape changes. In this contribution, we recover and apply archival tidal range data to show that the mean tidal range in Miami, Florida, has almost doubled since 1900, from 0.32 to 0.61 m today. A likely cause is the dredging of a ∼15 m deep, 150 m wide harbor entrance channel beginning in the early 20th century, which changed northern Biscayne Bay from a choked inlet system to one with a tidal range close to coastal conditions. To investigate the implications for high‐tide flooding, we develop and validate a tidal‐inference based methodology that leverages estimates of pre‐1900 tidal range to obtain historical tidal predictions and constituents. Next, water level predictions that represent historical and modern water level variations are projected forward in time using different sea level rise scenarios. Results show that the historical increase in tidal range hastened the occurrence of present‐day flooding, and that the total integrated number of days with high‐tide floods in the 2020–2100 period will be approximately O(103) more under present day tides compared to pre‐development conditions. These results suggest that tidal change may be a previously under‐appreciated factor in the increasing prevalence of high‐tide flooding in lagoonal estuaries, and our methods open the door to improving our understanding of other heavily‐altered systems. Plain Language Summary: Tabulations of historical tidal range indicate that tidal range in Miami (Florida) has approximately doubled since the 19th century, from 0.32 to 0.61 m. The likely cause appears to be the construction and dredging of the shipping channel to the Port of Miami, though historical land‐reclamation may also play a role. In this paper, we show that the increase in tidal range significantly exacerbates the number of minor flood events that are occurring throughout the Biscayne Bay region. As sea‐level rise continues, tidal changes will cause high‐tide flood impacts to be felt about a decade earlier than would have occurred under historical tidal conditions. Key Points: Tidal range in the Miami downtown area almost doubled over the past century due to human‐induced bathymetric change and wetland reclamationPre‐1900 tidal predictions are estimated from historical tidal range using a tidal‐constituent inference based methodIncreased tidal range increases the probability of high‐tide flooding and shortens the time to when sea‐level rise will cause chronic flooding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first journal paper from the ASHRAE research project RP-1747 "Implementation of RP-1547 CO2-based Demand Controlled Ventilation for Multiple Zone HVAC Systems in Direct Digital Control Systems." HVAC designers face challenges in complying with the ventilation requirements in ASHRAE Standard 62.1 due to the complexity of the ventilation rate procedure (VRP) and the lack of direction on how to appropriately apply demand controlled ventilation (DCV) within the context of the VRP. The RP-1747 project aimed to address those issues by developing and testing DCV control sequences that are practical and implementable in typical single-duct variable air volume (VAV) systems with direct digital control (DDC) Systems. These control sequences were also tested for energy and ventilation performance by using a co-simulation of EnergyPlus and CONTAM coupled by a functional mockup unit (FMU). This paper presents the simulation-based study of one office building in four climate zones including Miami (1A), Atlanta (3A), Oakland (3C), and Chicago (5A) for both DCV and non-DCV baselines. The ventilation requirements in non-DCV baselines were set following a simplified ASHRAE 62.1 approach and California Title 24. Simulation results show that RP-1747 DCV control logic could lead to 9% to 33% HVAC energy savings on a source energy basis compared with the non-DCV baseline with the simplified ASHRAE 62.1 approach. The simulated hourly outdoor airflow provided met or exceeded the ASHRAE Standard 62.1 ventilation requirement in the four climate zones for 83% to 97% of the time for the simulated building. Transients and simulation artifacts associated with the discretization of time steps appear to account for a large portion of the time steps when the ventilation provided is less than required by the Standard. After applying a tolerance to account for sensor and control error in real life and time averaging as allowed by Standard 62.1, the DCV strategy met ventilation requirements for 96% to 98% of the time. This indicates the RP-1747 DCV control logic achieves good compliance with the ventilation requirements in Standard 62.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the European Union is not in active crisis, do we characterise it as experiencing a period of stability? What can scholars learn by studying the EU as it toggles in between the two? This special issue presents some of the best papers from the European Union Studies Association's 2022 conference in Miami, Florida. Two themes structure this collection. First, by temporally and conceptually locating the EU between stability and crisis, we see these contributions on EU policy, institutional evolution, financial resilience, and identity formation as a substantive reflection of the variety of emergent and ongoing challenges that comprise everyday uncertainty. Second, in showcasing contributions that study the EU in a variety of ways – as both a political actor and context, or site, of politics, this special issue aims to encourage a widening of the EU studies field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant research has highlighted the pros and cons of the use of (a) competition and (b) positive (peer) pressure as two mechanisms for invoking peer effects to bring about long-term behavior change. However, these mechanisms have been studied separately and in different contexts. In this paper, we compare the differential impacts of competition versus positive pressure-induced pro-environmental behavior change in the same target population. This study spans a seven-year horizon between 2013 and 2019 (pre-COVID) during which the workforce of about 2500 employees in the Stephan P. Clark Government Center in Miami, Florida, was split into four groups - one control and three treatment groups. Each treatment group was subjected to (a) a healthy inter-group competition through tracking, benchmarking, and comparing monthly group level electricity saving, and (b) positive pressure through the appointment of champions who encouraged pro-environmental behavior among their group members. Studying these mechanisms concurrently in the same population allows for a nuanced comparison of their differential impacts on pro-environmental behavior change. • In this paper, we compare the differential impacts of competition-induced spillover and supervision-induced peer pressure in affecting pro-environmental behavior change in the same target over a seven-year analysis horizon. • The study spans 2013-2019 during which the workforce of about 2500 employees in a building was split into four groups (one control and three treatment) and was subjected to both peer pressure and healthy competition. • The study spans 2013-2019 during which the workforce of about 2500 employees in a building was split into four groups (one control and three treatment) and was subjected to both peer pressure and healthy competition. • These results have implications for the design of pro-environment campaigns that could leverage peer effects through fostering an environment of intragroup pride and healthy inter-group rivalry sprinkled with intermittent supervisory interventions for making long-term impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines certain implications from the literature on Tiebout's model of local government service provision, particularly Hamilton's extension of the model to include local control of land use and property taxation. Our empirical analysis focused on the use of fiscal zoning to lower property tax rates, a topic that has not been addressed in the extensive literature on Tiebout's model. Using data for over 100 municipalities in the Miami, Florida, metropolitan area, we specified property tax rates as a function of fiscal zoning measures, other municipal characteristics, and tax mimicking. We conclude that single-family zoning is by far the most important variable explaining municipal property tax rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turning to the case of "falling-out" in Miami, this paper locates a historical context for the incorporation of culture into medical practice. In the 1970s, after playing a leading role in the organization of medical anthropology, Hazel Weidman uncovered a condition that Miami residents called "falling-out." It was characterized by sudden collapse in situations of stress, followed by a state of semiconsciousness—and it seemed to affect only individuals of African American or Afro-Caribbean descent. Observing patients' routine mismanagement by the medical system, Weidman used the condition to advocate for greater cultural awareness among health professionals. This study finds that while anthropologists worked to change the medical community, they were also embedded in a Cold War racial politics, where health became a useful site for managing ethnic difference. Moreover, the contested nature of "falling-out" in the 1970s echoes the contested nature of "culture" in medicine that institutions continue to confront today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Wedge compression fracture was most common type of fracture (66.6 %) and first Lumbar vertebra (L1) was the most common fracture site (38 %). The choice of surgical approach and instrumentation depends on fracture type, injury level and degree of neural injury. This paper evaluated efficacy of transpedicular screw fixation by Moss Miami instrumentation with transverse connector for surgical treatment in traumatic unstable thoracolumbar fractures. Materials and Method: Fifty-five cases were prospectively studied over three years. Comparison was done between two groups-Group 1 without transverse connector and Group 2 with transverse connector. Radiologically evaluation was done in both groups pre-operatively, tenth day, six weeks and six months interval. All X-rays were assessed by lateral and dynamic antero-posterior views for measuring kyphotic (cobb's) angle and inter-rod angle. Results: In both groups post-operative Mean Cobb's angle level were increased and remained same until 06 months. Variation in Group 2 with transverse connector was slightly higher in initial period (i.e.) after 10 days and then it remains minimal from 6 weeks to 6 months. But in Group 1 without transverse connector the change in angle variation was minimal which worsen over 6 weeks and it continues to remain worse at 6 months, suggestive of parallelogram effect. Conclusion: Transverse connector does play role in preventing parallelogram effect of implants and provides additional stability to the construct. This is first study done in vivo which is done to study the role of transverse connector and evaluate any parallelogram effect in spinal instrumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this essay, I reflect on my experience at the 2015 Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood (SSEA) Conference to highlight how communication at academic conferences may negatively influence (emotion graft) out‐group or minority participants. In this paper, I will discuss the following topics: (a) the acute implicit bias made explicit in Dr. Manago's response to my mention of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement while chairing a session at the 2015 SSEA Conference, (b) the emotion‐grafting effect her response had on me and potentially other minority scholars, (c) how her biased response led to missed opportunities for SSEA to be inclusive and innovative while increasing membership and revenue, and (d) the current state of the global response to the BLM movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus for urban sustainability needs to be analyzed via an integrative rather than a sectoral or silo approach, reflecting the ongoing transition from separate infrastructure systems to an integrated social-ecological-infrastructure system. As technology hubs can provide food, energy, water resources via decentralized and/or centralized facilities, there is an acute need to optimize FEW infrastructures by considering cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs with respect to multiple sustainability indicators. This paper identifies, categorizes, and analyzes global trends with respect to contemporary FEW technology metrics that highlights the possible optimal integration of a broad spectrum of technology hubs for possible cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs. The challenges related to multiscale and multiagent modeling processes for the simulation of urban FEW systems were discussed with respect to the aspects of scaling-up, optimization process, and risk assessment. Our review reveals that this field is growing at a rapid pace and the previous selection of analytical methodologies, nexus criteria, and sustainability indicators largely depended on individual FEW nexus conditions disparately, and full-scale cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs were very rare. Therefore, the potential full-scale technology integration in three ongoing cases of urban FEW systems in Miami (the United States), Marseille (France), and Amsterdam (the Netherlands) were demonstrated in due purpose finally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus for urban sustainability needs to be analyzed via an integrative rather than a sectoral or silo approach, reflecting the ongoing transition from separate infrastructure systems to an integrated social-ecological-infrastructure system. As technology hubs can provide food, energy, water resources via decentralized and/or centralized facilities, there is an acute need to optimize FEW infrastructures by considering cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs with respect to multiple sustainability indicators. This paper identifies, categorizes, and analyzes global trends with respect to contemporary FEW technology metrics that highlights the possible optimal integration of a broad spectrum of technology hubs for possible cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs. The challenges related to multiscale and multiagent modeling processes for the simulation of urban FEW systems were discussed with respect to the aspects of scaling-up, optimization process, and risk assessment. Our review reveals that this field is growing at a rapid pace and the previous selection of analytical methodologies, nexus criteria, and sustainability indicators largely depended on individual FEW nexus conditions disparately, and full-scale cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs were very rare. Therefore, the potential full-scale technology integration in three ongoing cases of urban FEW systems in Miami (the United States), Marseille (France), and Amsterdam (the Netherlands) were demonstrated in due purpose finally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]