Search

To date, many Arab countries within the Middle East are facing political, financial, and social instability from war and conflicts. These conflicts have led to severe resources shortages and sometimes complete breakdowns in cancer care and diagnosis. Cancer diagnosis at early stages is the most vital step in achieving optimal cancer care and outcomes. Shortages in cancer diagnostic services have meant that many people within areas of conflict are ultimately deprived of these services in their own countries. Therefore, many of these cancer sufferers must bear travel expenses to neighboring countries in order to seek these services. A lack of prevention, screening, and diagnostic services for this population is known to deepen the cancer care deficit within these areas. Additionally, the financial burden of traveling abroad alongside the need to secure childcare and time off work can be overwhelming. As a result, patients within areas of conflict are frequently diagnosed at later stages and are less likely to receive optimal management plans. Though conflict-affected regions encounter many similar challenges in delivering quality cancer care, pronounced region-specific differences do exist. Therefore, it is important to build a roadmap that can provide tailored solutions to deficits in instruments, manpower, and facilities for each and every region involved. Keeping in mind the importance of collaboration and coordination on national and international levels to address the ground disparity in cancer diagnostic services, the main objective of this review article is to examine the significant problems, shortages, and difficulties in providing cancer diagnosis with a focus on imaging to conflict-affected populations in the Middle East (mainly Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Sudan). Finally, we discuss how access to cancer diagnostic imaging services has been impacted by these conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are an increasing number of studies on smartphone addiction (SA) among students, and also a number of cross-cultural ones. We add to this body of research by presenting, for the first time, a cross-cultural study comparing students in four Middle Eastern countries: Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. In this context, we also attempt to replicate findings—in other studies—that there are differences in smartphone addiction prevalence along the lines of sex, culture and subject of study. These findings were indeed replicated in a Middle Eastern context. We found significant differences between the Jordanian sample and the other three samples, with Jordanians displaying higher SA. The Sudanese displayed higher SA than the Yemenis, and the Saudis higher than the Sudanese or the Yemeni. We also found that females displayed greater SA than males and humanities students greater SA than science students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]