Search

OBJECTIVE -- In this study we compared fasting insulin and measures of insulin sensitivity (M) based on fasting insulin and glucose (i.e., homeostasis model assessment [HOMA], quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI], and fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio [FGIR]) or triglycerides to the insulin clamp in a cohort of children/adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -- The subjects were Minneapolis fifth- to eighth-grade students. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed on 323 adolescents at mean age 13 and were repeated on 300 of these subjects at mean age 15. Insulin sensitivity was determined by glucose uptake (milligrams per kilogram per minute) adjusted for lean body mass (MLBM) and steady-state insulin (MLBM/ln SSI). Comparisons were made for the whole cohort and by body size (BMI <85th percentile vs. BMI ≥85th percentile). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to test whether specific fasting insulin cut points separated true-positive from false-positive approximations of insulin resistance. RESULTS -- Fasting insulin was significantly correlated with HOMA (r = 0.99), QUICKI (r = 0.79), FGIR (r = -0.62), and (ln fasting insulin + ln triglycerides) (r = 0.88). Correlations of the surrogates with MLBM were significantly lower than those with M for the total cohort and ≥85th percentile group. In general, correlations in the ≥85th percentile group were higher than those in the <85th percentile group. Correlations with MLBM and MLBM/ln SSI decreased in the total cohort and ≥85th percentile group from age 13 to 15. ROC curves showed only a modest capability to separate true- from false-positive values. CONCLUSIONS -- Surrogate measures are only modestly correlated with the clamp measures of insulin sensitivity and do not offer any advantage over fasting insulin. In general, lower correlations are seen with MLBM than with M and with thinner than with heavier individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from two major survey, conducted in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area in 1973-74 and 1980-81, were used to estimate the prevalence of overweight. In 1980-8l, weight history and the prevalence of dieting behaviors were also obtained. The prevalence of overweight was greater in the 19:40-81 survey than in 1973-74. Increase, were observed in all ages in women, but only in the 40-59 year age ranges in men. in 1980-8l. dieting to control weight was widely reported by' both sexes, even among those who had never been overweight. Of those who reported having been overweight, approximately one-third reported they had successfully reduced. Mole men than women reported having been overweight, bill more women reported having dieted to lose weight. Formal weight reduction programs were used much more by women than men. Although most dieting attempts consisted of balanced, reduced calorie regimens a significant percentage were "fad" types. whose nutritional safety may be questioned. Overall, contrary to findings based on clinical populations, weight reducing efforts often appear to be successful. Nevertheless, overweight remains a significant public health problem in this community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the prevalence and utility of citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, a systematic population-based sample of Minneapolis-St. Paul area adults, age 25-74 years, was interviewed in 1980-81. Twenty-three per cent were CPR trained. Of these, 13 percent reported using their skills in such an emergency. Most of those performing out-of-hospital CPR (59 per cent) were health professionals. Only 19 per cent of trainees have maintained their certification by retraining within one year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the evaluation of lifestyle physical activity and leisure-time physical activity to monitor trends in cardiovascular risk factor levels among residents of the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area in Minneapolis. A questionnaire was administered to adult participants of five cross-sectional Minnesota Heart Survey. Results showed that male gender, younger age, higher educational status, and employment were characteristic of greater participation in physical activity. Although energy expenditure was lower than national recommendations, greater physical activity was associated with lower body mass. Public health strategies are needed to facilitate participation in physical activity, especially for women, elderly, and less educated individuals.