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The aim of the research was to study and put into evidence the importance of the small and medium enterprises as the basic component of the entrepreneurial activity in the Republic of Moldova. As a result of the investigated research topic, it can be noted that during the last 5 years, the number of small and medium enterprises was growing steadily, increasing from 43.7 thousand enterprises in 2009 to 50.9 thousand enterprises in 2013, the sector had a share about 97.4 percent of the total number of registered enterprises in the year 2013. The growing results were recorded in the last two years on revenue of the sales and obtained profit, and according to the types of activities the most of the requested enterprises are those in the wholesale and retail, sector rentals, real estate transactions and activities to provide services for enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]