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The Wulanhua Fauna (~7 Ma) derives from the basal part of Late Miocene red clays in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia. Chinese red clay deposits are rich in fossils of the Hipparion fauna, and are relatively widely distributed across Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, and Gansu provinces. The Mongolian Plateau also contains well-developed Neogene deposits, especially in central Inner Mongolia, where a sequence of mammalian faunas has been identified. The discovery of the Wulanhua Fauna provides an important indicator of the paleogeographical distribution of the Hipparion fauna, and this study also contributes to a better understanding of the climatic and environmental significance of red clays. Most forms of the Wulanhua Fauna are the same as or close to taxa within the Baode Fauna. However, some forms are slightly more derived than those of the Baode Fauna, which may indicate a slightly younger geological age of about 7 Ma. The components of the Wulanhua Fauna suggest that the habitat was a typical steppe and therefore yield direct evidence to delineate the boundary between the east and west subregions of the Late Miocene Hipparion fauna in North China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]