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The measurement of plant growth's light environment is the basis of urban agriculture, such as lightemitting diode plant factories. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) sensors, which measure the photon flux density of radiation in the spectral interval from 400 to 700 nm, cannot measure the spectral components, including the photon flux density of red light band and the photon flux density of blue light band, the light in these two bands are widely used in plant lighting. Facility agriculture, especially plant factories with artificial lighting, needs these data and their ratios by far, so a type of multichannel PPFD sensor is designed to solve these problems. First, we expound the design principle, circuit, and structure of the sensor, and calibrate the unregulated sensors by a standard PPFD sensor (PQS-1, Holland) under the calibration device constructed by controller based on DMX512 protocol. The test results show that the sensor's average variance is 0.9956, which approximates the ideal linear response value 1. Meanwhile, we make a black opaque soft plastic anticrosslight sleeve using three-dimensional printing to solve the problem of crosslight on the sidewall of the filter, which let the crosslight error coefficient of the red and blue channels reduced by an order of magnitude and approached 0. Finally, we designed a set of light environment control systems, which can autocontrol the PPFD and light quality ratios, and a set of supplemental lighting systems, which can control the daily light integral, based on the sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on over 50,000 parental descriptors of children gathered in eight different countries, we used a combination of focus group sorting of descriptors in each country and factor analyses of instruments developed in four of the countries (United States, China, Greece, and the Netherlands) to describe children ages 3 to 12 years to select items for an instrument that would work well across countries to access personality. Through many factor analyses of indigenous items in each country, a core set of 141 items was used in three of the countries, with over 3000 parents responding to our instruments in China, Greece, and the United States. Much cross-comparative research analysis has resulted in 15 robust midlevel scales that describe the structures of parental descriptors that are common to the three countries. The data on the English (U.S.) sample are presented in detail. Links to temperament and behavior problems are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]