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Findings and recommendations of two studies begun in 1968 regarding the lives of impoverished people in Camden, New Jersey are presented in this report. In the first study, factors aiding and hindering the achievement of economic independence, especially through the Work Incentive Program (WIN), of female headed households are considered. Data drawn from a three-wave panel study (1969, 1970, 1973), initiated with 438 matrifocal households and supported through Aid for Dependent Children and 102 matrifocal households supported by the earnings of the mother, are analyzed. In the second study, poverty is considered as a breakdown between family and economy and as a function of family organization in relation to participation in the economy. Data are drawn from a two-wave panel study initiated with 723 low-income men and 414 of their mates in 1973 and 1974. Recommendations are made from the WIN program and other programs engaged in the provision of work training, employment services and income maintenance. (Author/WI)