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The article presents a study that characterizes rates of late mortality and second cancers in an Australian cohort of childhood cancer survivors and compares them to rates observed in the New South Wales. Included in the study are records of 896 childhood cancer survivors treated at the Sydney Children's Hospital between 1972 and 1999 linked to the National Death Index and NSW Central Cancer Registry. Based on their findings, the authors cited the increased risk of late mortality and second cancers in Australia compared with the general population.