8 results on '"Keyes, Katherine M."'
Search Results
2. Limiting Alcohol Outlet Density to Prevent Alcohol Use and Violence: Estimating Policy Interventions Through Agent-Based Modeling.
- Author
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Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro, Pear, Veronica A, Tracy, Melissa, Keyes, Katherine M, and Cerdá, Magdalena
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PREVENTION of alcoholism ,VIOLENCE prevention ,ALCOHOLISM ,VIOLENCE ,ALCOHOLS (Chemical class) ,HOMICIDE ,HEALTH policy ,PUBLIC health ,DRUG abusers - Abstract
Increasing alcohol outlet density is well-documented to be associated with increased alcohol use and problems, leading to the policy recommendation that limiting outlet density will decrease alcohol problems. Yet few studies of decreasing problematic outlets and outlet density have been conducted. We estimated the association between closing alcohol outlets and alcohol use and alcohol-related violence, using an agent-based model of the adult population in New York City. The model was calibrated according to the empirical distribution of the parameters across the city's population, including the density of on- and off-premise alcohol outlets. Interventions capped the alcohol outlet distribution at the 90th to the 50th percentiles of the New York City density, and closed 5% to 25% of outlets with the highest levels of violence. Capping density led to a lower population of light drinkers (42.2% at baseline vs. 38.1% at the 50th percentile), while heavy drinking increased slightly (12.0% at baseline vs. 12.5% at the 50th percentile). Alcohol-related homicides and nonfatal violence remained unchanged. Closing the most violent outlets was not associated with changes in alcohol use or related problems. Results suggest that focusing solely on closing alcohol outlets might not be an effective strategy to reduce alcohol-related problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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3. Primary and Repeat Cesarean Deliveries: A Population-based Study in the United States, 1979-2010.
- Author
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Ananth, Cande V., Friedman, Alexander M., Keyes, Katherine M., Lavery, Jessica A., Hamilton, Ava, and Wright, Jason D.
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ACADEMIC medical centers ,CESAREAN section ,DATABASES ,HIGH-risk pregnancy ,MATERNAL age ,EVALUATION of medical care ,POPULATION ,PREGNANCY ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,RESEARCH funding ,RISK assessment ,DISEASE incidence ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,PARITY (Obstetrics) - Abstract
Background: Despite the temporal increase in cesarean deliveries, the extent to which maternal age, period, and maternal birth cohorts may have contributed to these trends remains unknown.Methods: We performed an analysis of 123 million singleton deliveries in the United States (1979-2010). We estimated rate ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for primary and repeat cesarean deliveries. We examined changes in cesarean rates with weighted Poisson regression models across three time-scales: maternal age, year of delivery, and birth cohort (mother's birth year).Results: The primary cesarean rate increased by 68% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67%, 69%) between 1979 (11.0%) and 2010 (18.5%). Repeat cesarean deliveries increased by 178% (95% CI: 176, 179) from 5.2% in 1979 to 14.4% in 2010. Cesarean rates increased with advancing age. Compared with 1979, the RR for the period effect in primary and repeat cesarean deliveries increased up to 1990, fell to a nadir at 1993, and began to rise thereafter. A small birth cohort effect was evident, with women born before 1950 at increased risk of primary cesarean; no cohort effect was seen for repeat cesarean deliveries. Adjustment for maternal BMI had a small effect on these findings. Period effects in primary cesarean were explained by a combination of trends in obesity and chronic hypertension, as well as demographic shifts over time.Conclusions: Maternal age and period appear to have important contributions to the temporal increase in the cesarean rates, although the effect of parity on these associations remains undetermined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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4. Neighborhood Context and Binge Drinking by Race and Ethnicity in New York City.
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Chauhan, Preeti, Ahern, Jennifer, Galea, Sandro, and Keyes, Katherine M.
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BLACK people ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ETHNIC groups ,HISPANIC Americans ,INTERVIEWING ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RACE ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SOCIAL norms ,T-test (Statistics) ,WHITE people ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,BINGE drinking ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors - Abstract
Background Neighborhood context is associated with binge drinking and has significant health, societal, and economic costs. Both binge drinking and neighborhood context vary by race and ethnicity. We examined the relations between neighborhood characteristics-neighborhood norms that are accepting of drunkenness, collective efficacy, and physical disorder-and binge drinking, with a focus on examining race and ethnic-specific relationships. Methods Respondent data were collected through 2005 random digit-dial-telephone survey for a representative sample of New York City residents; neighborhood data were based on the 2005 New York City Housing and Vacancy Survey. Participants were 1,415 past-year drinkers; Whites ( n = 877), Blacks ( n = 292), and Hispanics ( n = 246). Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate population average models. Results For the overall sample, neighborhood norms that were more accepting of drunkenness were associated with greater binge drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09, 1.37); collective efficacy and physical disorder were not significant. However, when examining this by race/ethnicity, greater collective efficacy ( OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.91) and greater physical disorder ( OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.93) were associated with less binge drinking for Whites only. Neighborhood norms that were more accepting of drunkenness were associated with binge drinking among Whites ( OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.38) and, while not significant (perhaps due to power), the associations were similar for Hispanics ( OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.83, 1.68) and slightly lower for Blacks ( OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.67, 1.84). Conclusions Overall, results suggest that neighborhood characteristics and binge drinking are shaped, in part, by factors that vary across race/ethnicity. Thus, disaggregating data by race/ethnicity is important in understanding binge drinking behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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5. Revisiting the Role of the Urban Environment in Substance Use: The Case of Analgesic Overdose Fatalities.
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Cerdá, Magdalena, Ransome, Yusuf, Keyes, Katherine M., Koenen, Karestan C., Tardiff, Kenneth, Vlahov, David, and Galea, Sandro
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HEROIN ,ANALGESICS ,SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors ,METROPOLITAN areas ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,STATISTICAL correlation ,CAUSES of death ,DRUG overdose ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,HOUSING ,INCOME ,MAPS ,RESEARCH funding ,DEATH certificates ,DATA analysis ,FAMILY relations ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,SOCIAL context ,HEALTH equity ,CASE-control method ,STATISTICAL models ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Objectives. We examined whether neighborhood social characteristics (income distribution and family fragmentation) and physical characteristics (clean sidewalks and dilapidated housing) were associated with the risk of fatalities caused by analgesic overdose. Methods. In a case-control study, we compared 447 unintentional analgesic opioid overdose fatalities (cases) with 3436 unintentional nonoverdose fatalities and 2530 heroin overdose fatalities (controls) occurring in 59 New York City neighborhoods between 2000 and 2006. Results. Analgesic overdose fatalities were less likely than nonoverdose unintentional fatalities to have occurred in higher-income neighborhoods (odds ratio [OR] = 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70, 0.96) and more likely to have occurred in fragmented neighborhoods (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.72). They were more likely than heroin overdose fatalities to have occurred in higher-income (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.54) and less fragmented (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.55, 0.92) neighborhoods. Conclusions. Analgesic overdose fatalities exhibit spatial patterns that are distinct from those of heroin and nonoverdose unintentional fatalities. Whereas analgesic fatalities typically occur in lower-income, more fragmented neighborhoods than nonoverdose fatalities, they tend to occur in higher-income, less unequal, and less fragmented neighborhoods than heroin fatalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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6. Alcohol Consumption and Posttraumatic Stress After Exposure to Terrorism: Effects of Proximity, Loss, and Psychiatric History.
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Hasin, Deborah S., Keyes, Katherine M., Hatzenbuehler, Mark L, Aharonovich, Efrat A., and Alderson, Donald
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EMOTIONAL trauma , *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 , *LOSS (Psychology) , *POST-traumatic stress , *DRINKING of alcoholic beverages & psychology , *DEPRESSED persons , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objectives. We examined the effects of exposure to or interpersonal loss resulting from a terrorist attack on posttraumatic stress and alcohol consumption after we controlled for psychiatric history assessed before the attack. Methods. At baseline (1991-1992) and at 1- and 10-year follow-ups, an adult community sample of drinkers living approximately 12 mi (19.2 km) from the World Trade Center were evaluated for alcohol dependence and major depression. Of this group, 82.2% were assessed regarding the impact of the September 11, 2001, attacks, including proximity to the World Trade Center, interpersonal loss, posttraumatic stress, and alcohol consumption. Results. In regression models, interpersonal loss and past major depression, but not proximity to the World Trade Center, predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms. Proximity and past alcohol dependence, but not interpersonal loss, predicted high levels of post-September 11 alcohol consumption. Past alcohol dependence did not modify the proximity-drinking relationship, and past major depression did not modify the loss-posttraumatic stress relationship. Conclusions. Participants' responses to September 11 were specific to their type of exposure and not predetermined by their psychiatric history. A better understanding of responses to traumatic events should assist more-effective prevention and intervention efforts. (Am J Public Health. 2007;97:2268-2275. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.100057) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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7. Trends in drug use among electronic dance music party attendees in New York City, 2016-2019.
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Palamar, Joseph J. and Keyes, Katherine M.
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ELECTRONIC dance music , *DRUG abuse , *DANCE parties , *DANCE festivals , *HARM reduction , *PSYCHOLOGY of dance , *SUBSTANCE abuse diagnosis , *SUBSTANCE abuse & psychology , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *CROSS-sectional method , *RESEARCH funding , *DANCE , *MUSIC , *ECSTASY (Drug) , *HALLUCINOGENIC drugs - Abstract
Objective: Electronic dance music (EDM) party attendees are a high-risk population for drug use and associated adverse effects. We examined trends in past-year drug use within this population to better inform prevention and harm reduction efforts.Methods: Each summer from 2016 through 2019, we used time-space sampling to survey a cross-section of adults entering EDM parties at randomly selected nightclubs and at dance festivals in New York City. Ns ranged from 504 (2019) to 1,087 (2016). We estimated log-linear trends in past-year use of 16 different synthetic drugs or drug classes.Results: Between 2016 and 2019, estimated past-year prevalence of use of ketamine increased from 5.9% to 15.3% (a 157.6% relative increase; P = .007), LSD use increased from 9.9% to 16.6% (a 67.7% relative increase, P < .001), powder cocaine use increased from 17.3% to 35.2% (a 103.5% relative increase, P < .001), and GHB use increased from 1.0% to 4.2% (a 311.8% relative increase; P = .002). Past-year use of >3 drugs increased from 12.7% to 20.5% (a 61.4% relative increase; P = .013); however, estimated past-year use of unknown powders decreased from 2.0% to 1.1% (a relative 44.7% decrease; P = .038) and ecstasy/MDMA/Molly use was stable across years (at 25.0 to 28.5 %; P = .687).Conclusions: Reports of powder cocaine, LSD, ketamine, and GHB are becoming more prevalent among EDM party attendees. Prevention and harm reduction efforts are needed to address increasing use. Research is also needed to examine whether increasing media coverage of medical use of ketamine and other psychedelics affects prevalence of recreational use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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8. Trends in drug use among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City, 2017-2022.
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Palamar, Joseph J., Le, Austin, Cleland, Charles M., and Keyes, Katherine M.
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SUBSTANCE abuse , *RECREATION , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *DRUGS of abuse , *ODDS ratio , *HOLIDAYS , *HALLUCINOGENIC drugs - Abstract
• We estimated trends in drug use among nightclub/festival attendees from 2017 to 2022. • There were increases in past-year use of poppers, ketamine, and shrooms. • There were increases in past-month use of 2C series drugs and novel psychedelics. • There were decreases in use of ecstasy, cocaine, and prescription opioids after COVID. • Results can inform ongoing surveillance efforts and public health response. Drug use is prevalent among people who attend electronic dance music (EDM) parties at nightclubs or festivals. This population can serve as a sentinel population to monitor trends in use of party drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS) that may diffuse through larger segments of the population. We surveyed adults entering randomly selected EDM parties at nightclubs and dance festivals in New York City about their drug use in 2017 (n=954), 2018 (n=1,029), 2019 (n=606), 2021 (n=229), and 2022 (n=419). We estimated trends in past-year and past-month use of 22 drugs or drug classes based on self-report from 2017-2022 and examined whether there were shifts pre- vs. post-COVID (2017-2019 vs. 2021-2022). Between 2017 and 2022, there were increases in past-year and past-month use of shrooms (psilocybin), ketamine, poppers (amyl/butyl nitrites), synthetic cathinones ("bath salts"), and novel psychedelics (lysergamides and DOx series), increases in past-year cannabis use, and increases in past-month use of 2C series drugs. Between 2017 and 2022, there were decreases in past-year heroin use and decreases in past-month cocaine use, novel stimulant use, and nonmedical benzodiazepine use. The odds of use of shrooms, poppers, and 2C series drugs significantly increased after COVID, and the odds of use of cocaine, ecstasy, heroin, methamphetamine, novel stimulants, and prescription opioids (nonmedical use) decreased post-COVID. We estimate shifts in prevalence of various drugs among this sentinel population, which can inform ongoing surveillance efforts and public health response in this and the general populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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