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Due to the popularity of sport, the need to have sport management programs that properly train practitioners is justified (Pedersen & Thibault, 2014). However, with 505 sport management bachelors programs worldwide ("Degrees in Sports," n.d.) housed in various academic units, there is little consistency within the field of study. This paper strives to explore the field of sport management and to better understand sport management faculty members' perceptions of the discipline. Grounded in Foucault's (1971) theory of discourse, total of 154 sport management faculty members worldwide participated in the study. The data revealed there is a lack of consistency within the field regarding faculty members' perceptions of sport management. This study offers a vital, first step in an empirical examination of a critical phenomenon in the sport management academy.

Simple Summary: Swainsonine-containing plants are a poisonous plant widely distributed in grasslands around the world, poisoning by it can cause livestock deaths and economic losses to herdsmen. We have developed a sustained-release injection for the prevention of poisoning by swainsonine-containing plants. Compared to other formulation, e.g., powders and pills, injections have the advantage of convenient administration with easy dosage control. The injection uses poloxamer as the sustained-release matrix and can be solidified into a gel at physiological temperature. We have shown that this formulation is safe and can maintain an effective blood drug concentration for up to 5 days, providing a new approach for preventing swainsonine-containing plants poisoning livestock. Swainsonine-containing plants contain swainsonine which has been shown to cause neurological signs and pathological changes in farm animals. It causes a large number of livestock poisonings every year resulting in economic losses to the livestock industry. At present, "Jifang E" is used in the prevention of swainsonine-containing plants poisoning livestock, and the preventive effects have been well-documented. However, "Jifang E" is typically administered in drinking water, making it difficult to control the administered dosage, because of feeding difficulties and it may cause certain side effects that are unique to the water-dissolved powder. To overcome these difficulties, we developed a temperature-sensitive gel for injection and the optimal ratio of each formula of sustained-release injection is P407 (24%), P188 (6%), Vitamin C (1%), PEG4000 (0.5%), and "Jifang E" (10%). Our results suggest that novel formulation makes the micellar system more stable and the particles are uniformly dispersed. Colloidal morphological studies showed that each group formed a homogeneous pore structure after gelling, and the structure became more dense with the addition of "Jifang E". The rheological study shows that "Jifang E" is a pseudoplastic fluid, and the addition of "Jifang E" reduces the viscosity of the formula, which is beneficial to the injection. In vitro and in vivo release rate studies have shown that the effective concentration of "Jifang E" can be maintained for 3 to 5 days. The acute toxicity test in SPF Kunming mice showed that its LD50 was 828.323 mg/kg, with confidence limits of 676.706–1013.911 mg/kg, which is a safe dosage (LD50 > 200 mg/kg). There were no observed reactions of muscle irritation or subcutaneous tissue irritation with the dosage used for New Zealand rabbits. In summary, we successfully developed the sustained-release injection formulation of "Jifang E" for the prevention of swainsonine-containing plants poisoning livestock, which provides the basis for subsequent field extension trials and the further study of its detoxification mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Zealand subantarctic islands of Auckland and Campbell, situated between the subtropical front and the Antarctic Convergence in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, provide valuable terrestrial records from a globally important climatic region. Whilst the islands show clear evidence of past glaciation, the timing and mechanisms behind Pleistocene environmental and climate changes remain uncertain. Here we present a multidisciplinary study of the islands – including marine and terrestrial geomorphological surveys, extensive analyses of sedimentary sequences, a comprehensive dating programme, and glacier flow line modelling – to investigate multiple phases of glaciation across the islands. We find evidence that the Auckland Islands hosted a small ice cap 384 000 ± 26 000 years ago (384±26 ka), most likely during Marine Isotope Stage 10, a period when the subtropical front was reportedly north of its present-day latitude by several degrees, and consistent with hemispheric-wide glacial expansion. Flow line modelling constrained by field evidence suggests a more restricted glacial period prior to the LGM that formed substantial valley glaciers on the Campbell and Auckland Islands around 72–62 ka. Despite previous interpretations that suggest the maximum glacial extent occurred in the form of valley glaciation at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼21 ka), our combined approach suggests minimal LGM glaciation across the New Zealand subantarctic islands and that no glaciers were present during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR; ∼15 –13 ka). Instead, modelling implies that despite a regional mean annual air temperature depression of ∼5 ∘ C during the LGM, a combination of high seasonality and low precipitation left the islands incapable of sustaining significant glaciation. We suggest that northwards expansion of winter sea ice during the LGM and subsequent ACR led to precipitation starvation across the middle to high latitudes of the Southern Ocean, resulting in restricted glaciation of the subantarctic islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Pounding between adjacent bridge structures with insufficient separation distance has been identified as one of the primary causes of damage in many major earthquakes. It takes place because the closing relative movement is larger than the structural gap provided between the structures. This relative structural response is controlled not only by the dynamic properties of the participating structures but also by the characteristics of the ground excitations. The consequence of the spatial variation of ground motions has been studied by researchers; however, most of these studies were performed numerically. The objective of the present research is to experimentally evaluate the influence of spatial variation of ground motions on the pounding behaviour of three adjacent bridge segments. The investigation is performed using three shake tables. The input spatially varying ground excitations are simulated based on the New Zealand design spectra for soft soil, shallow soil and strong rock using an empirical coherency loss function. Results confirm that the spatially nonniform ground motions increase the relative displacement of adjacent bridge girders and pounding forces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to nursing the traditional pure wool fabric, the light suit fabrics is developed with New Zealand wool and water soluble filament. After finishing with BAP functional additives, the fabric may obtain green environmental protection and spray disposable function. This paper mainly introduces the choice of raw material, spinning, weaving and finishing technology and the technical measurement, quality control measurement of production processing of the fabric. By special finishing process, the fabric's handle is different from the traditional functional finishing fabrics. The fabric has good wearing performance which makes the product has superior added value and wider market prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-absorbable Zn alloys have been attractive replacements for the traditionally permanent implants due to their reasonable mechanical strength and elongation, degradation rate, and biocompatibility. The hybridization addition of Mg and Ag elements could greatly improve the mechanical properties and antibacterial ability of Zn, respectively. In the present paper, in vivo biocompatibility for the Zn-0.05Mg-(0, 0.5, 1 wt%) Ag implants in New Zealand rabbit was qualitatively evaluated during the implantation periods of 4, 12, and 24 weeks. The blood serum biochemical parameters and in vivo integrity of the implants in the live rabbits were monitored by using clinical chemistry analyzing and X-ray radiographic imaging techniques during the implantation process, respectively. There is no great difference in the serum biochemical indicator between the implanted rabbits and the control group. Especially the levels of serum Zn and serum Mg normalize after implantation of 24 weeks. The interfacial adherence between the implants and newly formed bones, and the histopathological morphology of heart, liver, and kidney were observed morphologically under the microscope. The new bones formed and grew surrounding the implants after 12 weeks' post-operation, which were well joined with the original cortical bones after post-implantation of 24 weeks. The heart, liver and kidney were not negatively influenced as evidenced from the serum biochemical indicators and morphologies of the tissues. Zn-0.05Mg-(0, 0.5, 1 wt%) Ag alloys are proved to be in vivo biocompatible and potential candidates for the biodegradable medical implants. • In vivo biocompatibility of Zn-0.05Mg-(0, 0.5, 1 wt%) Ag implants was evaluated. • Addition of Ag into Zn Mg alloy is not toxic to visceral organs. • Zn-0.05Mg-(0, 0.5, 1 wt%) Ag alloys spur the formation of new bones. • Zn-0.05Mg-(0, 0.5, 1 wt%) Ag alloys showed good cohesion with bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient nonrigid registration algorithm was implemented on the image reconstruction computer to enable in-line automatic tracking of features in steady-state free precession cine images. Four-dimensional left ventricle function analysis was performed with and without use of the in-line automatic tracking result. The method was tested in 30 patients referred for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for a variety of clinical assessments. The time required for in-line tracking was 10 +/- 2 s per slice using an image reconstructor with dual Advanced Micro Devices single-core Opteron 248 CPUs (2.2 GHz) and 8GB random access memory. The precision of clinical estimates of left ventricular volumes was significantly improved relative to the ground truth research estimates with automatic tracking versus without (6 ml vs. 9 ml in end-diastolic volume; 5 ml vs. 10 ml in end-systolic volume; both p < 0.05). In-line automatic tracking of image features shows promise for facilitating clinical analysis of ventricular function.