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Adolescents' intergenerational narratives--the stories they tell about their mothers' and fathers' early experiences--are an important component of their identities (Fivush & Merrill, 2016; Merrill & Fivush, 2016). This study explored adolescents' intergenerational narratives across cultures. Adolescents aged 12 to 21 from 3 cultural groups in New Zealand (Chinese: n = 88; Maori: n = 91; European: n = 91) narrated stories about their mothers' and fathers' childhood experiences. In these narratives, New Zealand Chinese and Maori adolescents included more identity connections (statements linking their own identities to their parents' experiences) than did New Zealand European adolescents, and New Zealand Chinese adolescents' intergenerational narratives were more coherent than were New Zealand European and Maori adolescents' narratives. New Zealand Chinese and Maori adolescents were also more likely to report didactic reasons for their mothers' telling of the narratives, whereas New Zealand European adolescents were more likely to report reasons of sharing family history. Across cultures, but only in their mother narratives, adolescent girls included more references to subjective perspectives (emotions, evaluations, and cognitions) than did adolescent boys. Older adolescents also used more subjective perspective terms than younger adolescents. These findings suggest that intergenerational narratives serve different functions when adolescents across cultures explore their identities. These narratives may be especially important for adolescents growing up in cultures with an interdependent orientation.

Background and Aim: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) has received increasing attention in recent years, but few studies have assessed defect repair after polypectomy. Therefore, we compared the repair of mucosal defect after CSP and hot snare polypectomy (HSP) in a rabbit model. Methods: Resection of normal colonic mucosa using both HSP and CSP were performed in 40 male New Zealand white rabbits by an experienced endoscopist. Follow‐up colonoscopy was performed after 7 and 15 days by another endoscopist. We assessed mucosal defect repair, status of healing, scar formation, and intraoperative or delayed complications (including perforation and bleeding). Results: Eight animals died of intraoperative or delayed perforation; follow‐up colonoscopy was performed in 32 animals. On follow‐up colonoscopy at 7 days after operation, 78.1% cases in the CSP group showed healing of mucosal defect compared with none in the HSP group (P < 0.001); mucosal repair score in the CSP group was significantly higher than HSP group (P < 0.001). On follow‐up colonoscopy at 15 days, mucosal defect after CSP had completely healed in all cases (100%) versus 96.9% after HSP (P = 0.313). Among these healed defects, scar formation was observed in 2 of 32 cases in the CSP group compared with 19 of 31 in the HSP group (P < 0.001). Intraoperative perforation rate was significantly higher in the HSP group (15% vs 2.5%; P = 0.048). Conclusions: Mucosal defect repair after CSP is quicker compared with HSP and is more likely to result in scarless healing. HSP is more likely to cause perforation in the thin colon walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy holds broad-spectrum antibacterial ability, fast onset of action and non-resistance, which has been extensively applied in the treatment of superficial localized infection. OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy for treating osteomyelitis. METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits (provided by Laboratory Animal Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences) were selected, and a left tibia osteomyelitis model was established. At 28 days after modeling, rabbit models were randomly divided into three groups: blank group (tibia debridement only), control group (vancomycinlpolymethylmethacrylate bone cement was filled into the intramedullary cavity of the infectious tibia after debridement), and experimental group (intramedullary treatment of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy after debridement). The gross observation, imaging examination and bacterial culture were performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of CAPF, with the approval No. (2015)-0002. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Appearance of the skin: purulent secretion was observed in the blank group, but disappeared in the control and experimental groups where the skin healed well. (2) X-ray examination: with time going, the osteomyelitis aggravated in the blank group. The bone destruction was reduced gradually in the control and experimental groups, and the bone defects healed gradually. There was no significant difference between control and experimental groups at different time points after surgery. (3) Bacterial culture: with time increasing, the bacterial positive rate showed no significant change in the blank group. The bacterial positive rate in the control and experimental groups was on a decline, which showed no significant difference between control and experimental groups at different time points after surgery (P > 0.05). {4) These results indicate that photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy is a new treatment for osteomyelitis to effectively control infection, providing experimental basis in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored links between narrative identity, personality traits, and well-being for 263 adolescents (age 12-21) from three New Zealand cultures: Māori, Chinese, and European. Turning-point narratives were assessed for autobiographical reasoning (causal coherence), local thematic coherence, emotional expressivity, and topic. Across cultures, older adolescents with higher causal coherence reported better well-being. Younger adolescents with higher causal coherence instead reported poorer well-being. Personal development topics were positively linked to well-being for New Zealand European adolescents only, and thematic coherence was positively linked to well-being for Māori adolescents only. Negative expressivity, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness were also linked to well-being. Implications of these cultural similarities and differences are considered for theories of narrative identity, personality, and adolescent well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply a back-projection analysis to determine the locations and timing of the sources of short-period (0.5 to 2 s) energy generated by the 13 November 2016 M w 7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand earthquake using data from Australian and Southeast Asia. The sources of strong short-period energy are distributed northeast of the epicenter at distances of 70 to 80 km during the time period of 70 to 80 s after the initiation. The locations of sources of long-period energy derived from global seismic and local GPS data are close to the northeastern edge of the source area, and complementary to the areas of short-period energy which occur in the converging region of the Upper Kowhal, Papatea, and Jordan Thrust faults. The obvious frequency dependence might be attributed to complexities in fault geometry, possible rupture in the subduction interface, or varying focal mechanisms during the earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Knowing the global incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), by sex and age of onset, is of great importance for understanding the disease burden of CRC., Methods: The CRC incidence data, by cancer site, age of onset, sex, country, and year, were retrieved from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. Plus database. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to quantify the temporal trends in the CRC age-standardized incidence rate., Results: Globally, the incidence of late-onset CRC was heterogeneous and remained increasing in most countries. The highest incidence of late-onset colon and rectal cancer was both found in males in Slovakia (156.5/100,000 and 121.5/100,000, respectively). The most pronounced increases were mostly observed in developing countries, such as Brazil (colon cancer: EAPC = 5.87, 95% CI 3.18, 8.63; rectal cancer: EAPC = 4.68; 95% CI 2.78, 6.62). The highest incidence of early-onset colon and rectal cancer was found in females in Switzerland (4.2/100,000) and in males in South Korea (4.6/100,000), respectively. The incidences of early-onset CRC were increased in parts of countries, including countries experiencing a decline in late-onset CRC incidence, such as the USA, Germany, and Australia. The temporal trends of colon cancer were mostly aligned with those of rectal in most countries, independent of sex and age of onset., Conclusion: The increase of early-onset CRC incidence suggests more prevention initiatives are urgently warranted for young adults in the near future. Targeted and effective prevention measures are still needed among elderly populations.

Narrative and trait levels of personality were assessed in a sample of 268 adolescents from age 12 to 21 from New Zealand Māori, Chinese, and European cultures. Adolescents narrated three critical events and completed a Big Five personality inventory. Each narrative was coded for causal and thematic coherence. NZ Chinese adolescents reported lower levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness, and higher levels of neuroticism, than NZ Māori or European adolescents. Cultural differences were also evident in narrative coherence. Adolescents in all three groups demonstrated age-related increases in thematic coherence, but only NZ European adolescents demonstrated the expected age-related increases in causal coherence. Narrative identity and traits were distinct aspects of personality for younger adolescents, but were linked for middle and older adolescents. These findings support the importance of both narrative identity and traits in understanding personality development in adolescents across cultures., (Copyright © 2014 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)