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A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2019-20, to optimize the nutrients for seed yield and economics of seed production in niger. The experiment was laid out in RCBD and replicated thrice with eight treatment combinations. The results revealed that, treatment applied with FYM @ 5 t ha-1 along with NPK @ 40:40:30 kg ha-1 (T8) recorded higher growth and seed yield parameters viz., plant height (205.26 cm at harvest), number of primary and secondary branches (13.20 and 26.40, respectively), number of capitula per branch (11.48), number of capitula per plant (113.06), number of seeds per capitula (13.29), seed yield per plant (5.67 g), seed yield per plot (330.33 g), seed yield per hectare (5.35 q ha-1) with gross returns Rs. 535000 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 1.56:1 followed by treatment FYM 5 ton ha-1 along with 40:40:20 NPK kg ha-1 (T7) with gross returns of Rs.52900 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 1.70:1. However, among all the treatments, application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 and seeds treated with Azotobacter and PSB at 20 g each per kg of seed (T4) registered highest B:C ratio of 1.85:1 with gross returns of Rs.39,500 ha-1 and net returns Rs.18196.80 ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]