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Aim: This study explored any variations in managing childhood nephrotic syndrome between specialist centres in Nigeria and how closely the care reflected the best available evidence.Methods: In 2016, the heads of Nigerian paediatric nephrology units were asked to complete a study questionnaire that focused on managing nephrotic syndrome.Results: Of the 31 clinicians we approached, 81% returned the completed questionnaire. The majority (64%) had received paediatric nephrology training and 40% had practised for at least 10 years. We found that 60% prescribed an initial daily prednisolone for four weeks before reducing the dose and 32% prescribed it for six weeks. However, more marked variations were observed with the total steroid duration for new-onset nephrotic syndrome, with 16%, 44% and 40% prescribing prednisolone for 8, 12 and at least 16 weeks, respectively. Similarly, 56% prescribed prednisolone for less than eight weeks before diagnosing steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and 12% rarely requested a kidney biopsy for SRNS. In addition, 32% of the respondents preferred cyclophosphamide to calcineurin inhibitors for SRNS.Conclusion: There were significant variations in the management of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Nigeria and the diagnosis and treatment of SRNS differed substantially from the best available evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]