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Aim: This study determined the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) among clients before insertion of intrauterine device (IUD) and compared the incidence of complications between participants who were positive and negative for BV., Patients and Methods: This was an observational cohort study that was performed between May 2014 and September 2014. A total of 360 women were recruited and followed up for 1 month. High vaginal swabs were obtained from each participant pre-insertion of the IUD and 1 month post-insertion. BV was diagnosed using Nugent's scoring. Data were collected, collated and analysed using frequency distributions and Chi-square test as appropriate. The level of statistical significance was P< 0.05., Results: The prevalence of BV was 33.3%. The complication rate was 23.9% in which 30.5% complication rate was seen among participants positive for BV and 22.5% among participants negative for BV (P = 0.192). This was done with respect to four primary clinical outcomes. The incidence of BV one month after IUD insertion was 11.5%., Conclusion: The prevalence of BV was within the range reported in other populations. The complication rate appeared high; however, the differences in proportion between women positive and negative for BV were not statistically significant.

A 32-year-old woman developed a vesico-vaginal fistula and vaginal stenosis following insertion of herbs into her vagina by a traditional doctor to "melt" her uterine myomata. She underwent successful trans-abdominal repair of her fistula and passive dilatation of her vagina was recommended for the vaginal stenosis. The emerging importance of traditional treatments as a cause of vesico-vaginal fistula is highlighted. The role of quality improvement through research and strict regulation to maximise the benefits of traditional treatment and minimise complications is also emphasised.

From July 1973 to December 1980, 6942 patients were admitted to the Gynaecology unit of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Fifty-nine patients presented with gynatresia (vaginal atresia and stenosis), an incidence of 8.5 1000. The most common causes of this condition were caustic vaginitis, secondary to local herb pessary insertion, and circumcision. The resulting vaginal adhesions were effectively treated surgically by simple adhesiolysis . There was a low incidence of congenital gynatresia . As the large proportion of cases of acquired gynatresia were preventable, improvement in health education should further reduce incidence of this condition in our community.

Acquired atresia of the vagina is much less common than the congenital type, but more frequent in the tropics than in the developed countries (Lawson and Stewart, 1967). This is because most of the causes which include chemical vaginitis (Frith, 1960), female circumcision (Mustafa, 1966) and birth injuries (Lawson and Stewart, 1967) are largely confined to the tropics, due to poverty, ignorance and lack of good medical facilities. In the developed parts of the world, acquired gynatresia is rare, and perhaps follow mainly colporrhaphies and intra-vaginal irradiation from treatment of pelvic malignancies, (Patterson and Rhodes 1958, Whitely, 1964). In Ibadan, Nigeria, however, by far the commonest cause of vaginal atresia is chemical vaginitis from vaginal insertion of local caustic pessaries, for the treatment of certain gynaecological problems. This paper is, therefore, designed to highlight the clinical presentation of acquired gynaetresia as seen in Ibadan with particular emphasis on its incidence, causation, symptomatology and operative management.

Twelve cases of adhesion of the labia minora complicating circumcision in the neonatal period of a Nigerian Community are presented. 9 of the cases were under one year in age. 10 of the cases were erroneously diagnosed by general practitioners as cases of imperforate vagina or hymen. The commonest presenting symptom was a poor urinary stream. Treatment was by separation of the adhesion and local application of dienoestrol cream, the success rate of this mode of therapy was 91.7%. The aetiology and treatment of labial adhesions are discussed. If labial adhesions are untreated other complications could arise in later life, hence female circumcision in the neonatal period should be discouraged.