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Purpose: This study aimed to describe the frequency of sexual intercourse and whether body size was associated with weekly sexual intercourse among a diverse group of women using oral contraceptives., Methods: This longitudinal prospective cohort study recruited participants (n = 185) from several clinics in Charlotte, NC. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were used as measures of body size and sexual intercourse frequency was determined from self-reported information provided on daily diaries. Mean monthly frequencies of sexual intercourse were calculated and linear mixed models were used to assess if means remained constant over time. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: Mean monthly frequency of sexual intercourse was similar for women classified as normal or underweight or obese by BMI during each month of data collection but was highest for women classified as overweight. After adjustment, obesity-sexual intercourse associations were attenuated (BMI ≥30 vs. <25.0: OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.43-1.42 and WHR ≥ 0.85 vs. <0.85: OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.62-2.01)., Conclusions: This study found no association between BMI or WHR and weekly sexual intercourse. However, more research is warranted given the importance of this possible relationship for future studies of fertility, contraceptive effectiveness, and sexual health., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Hypertensive complications during pregnancy occur in nearly 8 percent of pregnancies and account for 15 percent of all maternal mortalities in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate further the association between physical activity and hypertensive complications during pregnancy using data from a population-based surveillance system., Methods: This study included 3,348 participants from the 2004 to 2006 North Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Hypertensive complications during pregnancy were assessed using birth certificate data, and physical activity levels before pregnancy and during pregnancy were self-reported on questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while controlling for confounders., Results: Although no strong association was found between physical activity before pregnancy and hypertensive complications during pregnancy, a dose-response relationship emerged for the physical activity during pregnancy-hypertensive complications association after adjustment for prepregnancy body mass index (physical activity for 1-4 days per week: OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.45-0.90; physical activity for 5+ days per week: OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.20-1.02). When levels of physical activity before and during pregnancy were combined, a statistically significant protective effect was seen only for women who indicated that they were physically active both before and during pregnancy (adjusted OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.44-0.96)., Conclusions: In this population-based study, physical activity, particularly during pregnancy, was associated with a lower risk of hypertensive complications during pregnancy. During a healthy pregnancy, health care practitioners may recommend that women engage in physical activity as one way to potentially prevent the development of this critical condition.

There is growing evidence that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure may negatively affect birth outcomes, especially birth weight. This study evaluates the effect of residential ETS exposure on the risk of having a low birth weight (LBW) infant and investigates whether there is a dose-response relationship. This retrospective cohort study comprised 2,206 women who participated in the 2004-2005 North Carolina Phase V Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Women self-reported information on ETS exposure and birth weight was obtained from birth certificates. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. When adjusted for marital status and income, women exposed to ETS during pregnancy had increased odds of delivering a LBW baby (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.57). After adjustment for the same covariates, a weak dose-response relationship between ETS and LBW was found (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.60 for women who were exposed to ETS generated by one cigarette smoker; OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.31 for those who were exposed to ETS generated by two or more cigarette smokers). This study provides evidence of the adverse effect of residential ETS on pregnancy outcomes. The observed relationship emphasizes the health hazard that ETS exposure in the home poses to pregnant women and their unborn babies. Educational anti-tobacco campaigns and quit smoking initiatives should target both mothers and fathers to ensure smoke-free living conditions and a healthy environment for all family members.

Objective: To examine the relationship between physical activity before and during the last trimester of pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms., Design: Secondary analysis of data from the 2004 and 2005 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System., Settings: Mailed questionnaire or telephone interview of new mothers in North Carolina., Patients/participants: Female residents of North Carolina, ages 18 to 45 (n=2,169), who had given birth to a live infant in the past 2 to 6 months., Methods: Information on physical activity and depressive symptoms was self-reported. Logistic regression was used to examine the physical activity-depressive symptom associations while controlling for confounding variables., Results: After adjustment for confounders, there were no statistically significant associations between being physically active before and/or during pregnancy and feeling depressed or "down." However, participants who were physically active both prepregnancy and during the last trimester had decreased odds of having little interest or pleasure compared with participants who were not physically active, after adjustment for age and marital status (odds ratio =0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.49, 0.87)., Conclusion: Although regular physical activity is recommended for healthy women during pregnancy, additional studies are needed to investigate the physical activity-depressive symptoms association. If confirmed in other studies, physical activity may be an additional option for women who want to ease postpartum depressive symptoms.