8 results on '"OSTERHAUS"'
Search Results
2. Infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N8 in harbor seals at the German North Sea coast, 2021.
- Author
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Postel A, King J, Kaiser FK, Kennedy J, Lombardo MS, Reineking W, de le Roi M, Harder T, Pohlmann A, Gerlach T, Rimmelzwaan G, Rohner S, Striewe LC, Gross S, Schick LA, Klink JC, Kramer K, Osterhaus ADME, Beer M, Baumgärtner W, Siebert U, and Becher P
- Subjects
- Animals, North Sea, Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype genetics, Influenza A virus genetics, Influenza in Birds epidemiology, Phoca
- Abstract
In brain tissue of three harbor seals of the German North Sea coast, high virus loads of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 were detected. Identification of different virus variants indicates high exposure to HPAIV circulating in wild birds, but there is no evidence for H5 specific antibodies in healthy seals. Replication of avian viruses in seals may allow HPAIV to acquire mutations needed to adapt to mammalian hosts as shown by PB2 627K variants detected in these cases.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Clinical, pathological, and laboratory diagnoses of diseases of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), live stranded on the Dutch and adjacent coasts from 2003 to 2016.
- Author
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van Elk CE, van de Bildt MWG, van Run PRWA, Bunskoek P, Meerbeek J, Foster G, Osterhaus ADME, and Kuiken T
- Subjects
- Animals, Aspergillosis epidemiology, Belgium epidemiology, Germany epidemiology, Immunocompetence, Nematode Infections mortality, Nematode Infections parasitology, Netherlands epidemiology, North Sea epidemiology, Pneumonia microbiology, Pneumonia mortality, Pneumonia parasitology, Pneumonia, Bacterial microbiology, Pneumonia, Bacterial mortality, Prevalence, Aspergillosis veterinary, Lung pathology, Nematode Infections veterinary, Phocoena immunology, Pneumonia veterinary, Pneumonia, Bacterial veterinary
- Abstract
Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Sea live in an environment heavily impacted by humans, the consequences of which are a concern for their health. Autopsies carried out on stranded harbour porpoises provide an opportunity to assess health problems in this species. We performed 61 autopsies on live-stranded harbour porpoises, which died following admission to a rehabilitation centre between 2003 and 2016. The animals had stranded on the Dutch (n = 52) and adjacent coasts of Belgium (n = 2) and Germany (n = 7). We assigned probable causes for stranding based on clinical and pathological criteria. Cause of stranding was associated in the majority of cases with pathologies in multiple organs (n = 29) compared to animals with pathologies in a single organ (n = 18). Our results show that the three most probable causes of stranding were pneumonia (n = 35), separation of calves from their mother (n = 10), and aspergillosis (n = 9). Pneumonia as a consequence of pulmonary nematode infection occurred in 19 animals. Pneumonia was significantly associated with infection with Pseudalius inflexus, Halocercus sp., and Torynurus convolutus but not with Stenurus minor infection. Half of the bacterial pneumonias (6/12) could not be associated with nematode infection. Conclusions from this study are that aspergillosis is an important probable cause for stranding, while parasitic infection is not a necessary prerequisite for bacterial pneumonia, and approximately half of the animals (29/61) probably stranded due to multiple causes. An important implication of the observed high prevalence of aspergillosis is that these harbour porpoises suffered from reduced immunocompetence.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Evolutionary evidence for multi-host transmission of cetacean morbillivirus.
- Author
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Jo WK, Kruppa J, Habierski A, van de Bildt M, Mazzariol S, Di Guardo G, Siebert U, Kuiken T, Jung K, Osterhaus A, and Ludlow M
- Subjects
- Animals, Bayes Theorem, Dolphins virology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Mediterranean Sea, Morbillivirus Infections transmission, North Sea, Phylogeography, Receptors, Virus metabolism, Seals, Earless virology, Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1 metabolism, Cetacea virology, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Viral, Morbillivirus genetics, Morbillivirus Infections veterinary
- Abstract
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) has emerged as the pathogen that poses the greatest risk of triggering epizootics in cetacean populations worldwide, and has a high propensity for interspecies transmission, including sporadic infection of seals. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary history of CeMV by deep sequencing wild-type viruses from tissue samples representing cetacean species with different spatiotemporal origins. Bayesian phylogeographic analysis generated an estimated evolutionary rate of 2.34 × 10
-4 nucleotide substitutions/site/year and showed that CeMV evolutionary dynamics are neither host-restricted nor location-restricted. Moreover, the dolphin morbillivirus strain of CeMV has undergone purifying selection without evidence of species-specific mutations. Cell-to-cell fusion and growth kinetics assays demonstrated that CeMV can use both dolphin and seal CD150 as a cellular receptor. Thus, it appears that CeMV can readily spread among multiple cetacean populations and may pose an additional spillover risk to seals.- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Association of Batai Virus Infection and Encephalitis in Harbor Seals, Germany, 2016.
- Author
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Jo WK, Pfankuche VM, Lehmbecker A, Martina B, Rubio-Garcia A, Becker S, Kruppa J, Jung K, Klotz D, Metzger J, Ludlow M, Baumgärtner W, van der Vries E, and Osterhaus A
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Zoo, Bunyaviridae Infections complications, Bunyaviridae Infections diagnosis, Culicidae, Diagnosis, Differential, Encephalitis complications, Encephalitis diagnosis, Germany, Insect Vectors, Male, North Sea, Orthobunyavirus genetics, Phylogeny, Bunyaviridae Infections veterinary, Encephalitis veterinary, Orthobunyavirus isolation & purification, Phoca
- Abstract
We isolated Batai virus from the brain of a euthanized, 26-year-old, captive harbor seal with meningoencephalomyelitis in Germany. We provide evidence that this orthobunyavirus can naturally infect the central nervous system of a mammal. The full-genome sequence showed differences from a previously reported virus isolate from a mosquito in Germany.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Beached bachelors: An extensive study on the largest recorded sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus mortality event in the North Sea.
- Author
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IJsseldijk LL, van Neer A, Deaville R, Begeman L, van de Bildt M, van den Brand JMA, Brownlow A, Czeck R, Dabin W, Ten Doeschate M, Herder V, Herr H, IJzer J, Jauniaux T, Jensen LF, Jepson PD, Jo WK, Lakemeyer J, Lehnert K, Leopold MF, Osterhaus A, Perkins MW, Piatkowski U, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Pund R, Wohlsein P, Gröne A, and Siebert U
- Subjects
- Animal Migration, Animals, Autopsy veterinary, Diet veterinary, England, Environmental Monitoring, Male, Mortality, Netherlands, North Sea, Sperm Whale microbiology, Sperm Whale parasitology, Sperm Whale physiology
- Abstract
Between the 8th January and the 25th February 2016, the largest sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus mortality event ever recorded in the North Sea occurred with 30 sperm whales stranding in five countries within six weeks. All sperm whales were immature males. Groups were stratified by size, with the smaller animals stranding in the Netherlands, and the largest in England. The majority (n = 27) of the stranded animals were necropsied and/or sampled, allowing for an international and comprehensive investigation into this mortality event. The animals were in fair to good nutritional condition and, aside from the pathologies caused by stranding, did not exhibit significant evidence of disease or trauma. Infectious agents were found, including various parasite species, several bacterial and fungal pathogens and a novel alphaherpesvirus. In nine of the sperm whales a variety of marine litter was found. However, none of these findings were considered to have been the primary cause of the stranding event. Potential anthropogenic and environmental factors that may have caused the sperm whales to enter the North Sea were assessed. Once sperm whales enter the North Sea and head south, the water becomes progressively shallower (<40 m), making this region a global hotspot for sperm whale strandings. We conclude that the reasons for sperm whales to enter the southern North Sea are the result of complex interactions of extrinsic environmental factors. As such, these large mortality events seldom have a single ultimate cause and it is only through multidisciplinary, collaborative approaches that potentially multifactorial large-scale stranding events can be effectively investigated., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Norovirus Infection in Harbor Porpoises.
- Author
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de Graaf M, Bodewes R, van Elk CE, van de Bildt M, Getu S, Aron GI, Verjans GM, Osterhaus AD, van den Brand JM, Kuiken T, and Koopmans MP
- Subjects
- Animals, Caliciviridae Infections virology, Intestines pathology, Intestines virology, Norovirus classification, North Sea epidemiology, Phocoena virology, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase genetics, Viral Proteins genetics, Caliciviridae Infections epidemiology, Caliciviridae Infections veterinary, Genome, Viral, Norovirus genetics, Phylogeny
- Abstract
A norovirus was detected in harbor porpoises, a previously unknown host for norovirus. This norovirus had low similarity to any known norovirus. Viral RNA was detected primarily in intestinal tissue, and specific serum antibodies were detected in 8 (24%) of 34 harbor porpoises from the North Sea.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Structure and amount of genetic variation at minisatellite loci within the subspecies complex of Phoca vitulina (the harbour seal).
- Author
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Kappe AL, Bijlsma R, Osterhaus AD, van Delden W, and van de Zande L
- Subjects
- Alaska, Animals, Canada, Classification, DNA blood, DNA genetics, DNA Fingerprinting, DNA Probes, Genetic Markers, Heterozygote, North Sea, Genetic Variation genetics, Minisatellite Repeats genetics, Seals, Earless genetics
- Abstract
The structure and amount of genetic variation within and between three subspecies of the harbour seal Phoca vitulina was assessed by multilocus DNA fingerprinting. Bandsharing similarity indicates that the subspecies Phoca vitulina richardsi (Alaska, East Pacific) is clearly separated from the other two subspecies, Phoca vitulina concolor (Sable Island, West Atlantic) and Phoca vitulina vitulina (North Sea, East Atlantic). The subspecies also differ significantly in the estimated amount of heterozygosity. Phoca vitulina richardsi has by far the highest amount of genetic variation, whereas P. vitulina vitulina has very low levels of genetic variation. Within the subspecies P. vitulina vitulina, especially the Wadden Sea population is depauperate of genetic variation. The findings are discussed in a historical, biogeographical and a conservation biological context.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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