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The development and technological applications of molecular spin systems require versatile experimental techniques to characterize and control their static and dynamic magnetic properties. In the latter case, bulk spectroscopic and magnetometric techniques, such as AC magnetometry and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance, are usually employed, showing high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and flexibility. They are based on creating a nonequilibrium state either by changing the magnetic field or by applying resonant microwave radiation. Another possible source of perturbation is a laser pulse that rapidly heats the sample. This approach has proven to be one of the most useful techniques for studying the kinetics and mechanism of chemical and biochemical reactions. Inspired by these works, we propose an inductive detection of temperature-induced magnetization dynamics as applied to the study of molecular spin systems and describe the general design and construction of a particular induction probehead, taking into account the constraints imposed by the cryostat and electromagnet. To evaluate the performance, several coordination compounds of VO2+, Co2+, and Dy3+ were investigated using low-energy pulses of a terahertz free electron laser of the Novosibirsk free electron laser facility as a heat source. All measured magnetization dynamics were qualitatively or quantitatively described using a proposed basic theoretical model and compared with the data obtained by alternating current magnetometry. Based on the results of the research, the possible scope of applications of inductive detection and its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with standard methods are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient and reliable sensors operating at room temperature is essential to advance the application of terahertz (THz) science and technology. Pyroelectric THz detectors are among the best candidates, taking into account their variety, outstanding performance, ease of fabrication, and robustness. In this work, we compare the performance of six different detectors, based on either LaTiO3 crystal or different polymeric films, using monochromatic radiation of the Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser facility (NovoFEL) in the frequency range of 0.9–2.0 THz. The main characteristics, including noise equivalent power and frequency response, were determined for all of them. Possible reasons for the differences in the obtained characteristics are discussed on the basis of the main physicochemical characteristics and optical properties of the sensitive area. At least three detectors showed sufficient sensitivity to monitor the shape and duration of the THz macropulses utilizing only a small fraction of the THz radiation from the primary beam. This capability is crucial for accurate characterization of THz radiation during the main experiment at various specialized endstations at synchrotrons and free electron lasers. As an example of such characterization, the typical stability of the average NovoFEL radiation power at the beamline of the electron paramagnetic resonance endstation was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A possibility of fast rapid temperature changing for the studied compound makes it possible to study related phenomena, such as thermally induced trapping of metastable states in magnetoactive compounds and thermally activated catalytic and biological processes. The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy station at the Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser (NovoFEL) allows one to study effects of powerful terahertz (THz) radiation on the spin state of paramagnetic systems. A change in the sample temperature as a result of radiation absorption is an inevitable consequence of such an exposure. However, the sample heating at the NovoFEL EPR station itself is of interest due to the record power of THz radiation and small sizes of the samples used. A combination of these two factors can provide a significantly high heating rate. The magnetoactive complex [Cu(hfac)2LEt] was chosen as a model system for studying the heating process, since the complex has a magnetostructural transition at ∼125 K with substantially different spin states above and below the transition temperature. The heating processes with the amplitudes above 60 K were studied, the heating and cooling rates of the sample in similar experiments were estimated, and prospects for using the method to study various thermally induced effects are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following study compared marijuana and opiate self-report at time intervals of 24 h, 3-7 days, and past month to urinalysis. Participants were 109 adult drug-users who participated in a study of neurobehavioural risk factors for contracting HIV among drug users in Novosibirsk, Russia, 2005. Sensitivity statistics for each substance increased for each time interval. Concordance between self-report and urinalysis was highest for past month use for marijuana, while concordance was highest for the past 3-7 days of use for opiates. Results are consistent with existing literature suggesting that validity may be reasonably high among treatment referred populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multimodal metal-coated hollow terahertz waveguides were proposed. • Transmission and polarization properties were measured at 1.4, 2.3, 5.5, 33.5 THz. • Transmission losses are 4.6, 6.2, 11.7 dB/m at 1.4, 5.5, 33.5 THz, respectively. • Numerical simulations in COMSOL confirmed the obtained waveguides characteristics. • Experimental findings were described in the framework of the geometrical optics. Terahertz (THz) range, which lies between the microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, presents a new frontier containing an abundance of technical applications and fundamental research problems. There are several challenges limiting the progress in the THz science and technology. One of them is the limited range of the guided-wave propagation of THz radiation, owing to the high loss from the finite conductivity of metals and the high absorption coefficient of dielectric materials in the THz range. In this work, we discuss the design and fabrication of multimodal hollow THz waveguides used at the X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) endstation located at the Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser facility (NovoFEL). Experiments carried out at the EPR endstation are aimed to investigate the impact of THz and far infrared radiation on the spin system of different inorganic complexes and organic radicals. The EPR probehead and cryostat impose strict constraints on the possible ways of transferring the THz radiation to the sample, requiring the development, manufacturing, and characterization of specific waveguides. The proposed waveguides for X-band EPR measurements under THz radiation resemble hollow metal/dielectric waveguides. They have the shape of a hollow cylinder, tapering towards the end, with a silver-coated inner surface, and allow THz radiation to be transmitted over a distance of about 60 cm in a wide frequency range from THz to middle infrared. The waveguides performance was characterized at different frequencies of NovoFEL radiation and compared with numerical simulations. Following the requirements of polarization-sensitive EPR experiments, the waveguides were further modified by a miniature attachment, consisting of a polarizer, a semiconductor mirror, and a quarter-wave plate. The attachment allows preserving the initial polarization properties of THz radiation, turns its propagation vector, and creates the circular-polarized light irradiating the sample – all inside the limited volume of the EPR probehead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser (NovoFEL) facility is able to produce high-power tunable terahertz (THz) laser radiation in quasi-continuous mode. The ability to control/shape this THz radiation is required in a number of user experiments. In this work we propose a modulation approach suitable for free electron lasers based on recuperation design. It allows for generating THz macropulses of a desirable length, down to several microseconds (limited by a quality factor of FEL optical resonator). Using this approach, macropulses in the time window from several microseconds to several hundred microseconds have been shown for three possible frequency ranges: mid-infrared (~1100 cm−1), far-infrared (~200 cm−1) and THz (~40 cm−1). In each case, the observed rise and decay of the macropulse have been measured and interpreted. The advantage of using short macropulses at the maximum peak power available has been demonstrated with the time-resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]