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Background: Youth with continuous (always present) headache are vastly understudied; much remains to be understood regarding treatment response in this population. Objective: To describe and explore biopsychosocial factors related to initial clinical outcomes among treatment‐seeking youth with continuous headache. Methods: This retrospective cohort study extracted data of 782 pediatric patients (i.e., aged <18 years) with continuous headache from a large clinical repository. Youth in this study had experienced continuous headache for ≥1 month before presenting to a multidisciplinary headache specialty clinic appointment. Extracted data from this appointment included patients' headache history, clinical diagnoses, and headache‐related disability, as well as information about biopsychosocial factors implicated in headache management and/or maintenance (e.g., healthy lifestyle habits, history of feeling anxious or depressed). Additional data regarding patient headache characteristics, disability, and lifestyle habits were extracted from a subset of 529 youth who returned to clinic 4–16 weeks after their initial follow‐up visit. After characterizing initial treatment response, exploratory analyses compared youth with the best and worst treatment outcomes on several potentially influential factors. Results: Approximately half of youth (280/526; 53.2%) continued to have continuous headache at follow‐up, ~20% of youth (51/526) reported a significant (≥50%) reduction in headache frequency. Improvements in average headache severity (e.g., percentage with severe headaches at initial visit: 45.3% [354/771]; percentage with severe headaches at follow‐up visit: 29.8% [156/524]) and headache‐related disability were also observed (e.g., percentage severe disability at initial visit: 62.9% [490/779]; percentage severe disability at initial follow‐up visit: 34.2% [181/529]). Individuals with the worst headache frequency and disability had a longer history of continuous headache (mean difference estimate = 5.76, p = 0.013) and worse initial disability than the best responders (χ2[3, 264] = 23.49, p < 0.001). They were also more likely to have new daily persistent headache (χ2[2, 264] = 12.61, p = 0.002), and were more likely to endorse feeling depressed (χ2[1, 260] = 11.46, p < 0.001). Conclusion: A notable percentage of youth with continuous headache show initial improvements in headache status. Prospective, longitudinal research is needed to rigorously examine factors associated with continuous headache treatment response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home visiting is a child abuse prevention strategy that seeks to optimize child development by providing mothers with support, training, and parenting information. Research has consistently found high rates of depression in mothers participating in home visiting programs and low levels of obtaining mental health treatment in the community. Successful treatment of depressed mothers in home visiting programs holds the potential to improve maternal and child outcomes. In-Home Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (IH-CBT) is an adapted treatment for depressed mothers, which is provided alongside home visiting and seeks to optimize engagement and impact through delivery in the home setting; a focus on issues important to young, low-income mothers; and a strong collaborative relationship between therapists and home visitors. This study examined predictors of depression status at posttreatment in 60 mothers who received IH-CBT and concurrent home visiting. Variables considered included demographics, illness history, severity, and numbers of treatment sessions and home visits. Results indicated that young maternal age, fewer episodes of major depressive disorder, lower depression severity at pretreatment, lower levels of symptoms of personality disorders, and more treatment sessions and home visits predicted asymptomatic status at posttreatment. (Contains 3 tables and 1 figure.)

Restrictive eating disorders (ED) are increasing and represent a serious risk to the health of adolescent females. Restrictive ED in youth are often treated through aggressive short-term refeeding. Although evidence supports that this intervention is the "gold standard" for improving ED outcomes in youth, little research has specifically probed appetite and meal-related responses to this type of intensive, short-term refeeding in newly diagnosed individuals. Information about appetite and meal-related dysfunction could provide valuable insights regarding treatment-interfering features of ED in both acute inpatient and longer-term outpatient treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hunger, fullness, olfactory, and gustatory responses of adolescents with newly-diagnosed restrictive ED and to probe how and when these responses are altered by refeeding. Using a quasi-experimental ecologically valid methodology, this study described and compared profiles of hunger, fullness, olfactory, and gustatory responses in adolescent females (n = 15) with newly diagnosed restrictive ED at hospital admission (i.e., severe malnutrition) and after medical refeeding, in comparison to healthy controls (n = 15). Results showed that newly diagnosed (i.e., malnourished) adolescents with ED showed significantly different meal-related experiences than controls. Refeeding improved some of these differences, but not all. Following refeeding, females with ED continued to show lower hunger, greater fullness, and lower pleasantness of smell ratings compared to controls. Unpleasantness of taste ratings maladaptively increased, such that females who were re-fed reported more aversive scents than pre-treatment. Profiles of meal-related responses were also identified and compared between groups. The applicability of these findings are discussed within the context of critical periods of change during refeeding treatment and potentially promising intervention targets that might enhance treatment outcomes for adolescents with newly onset, restrictive ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]