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In 2020, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic forced teachers in Ontario to move online. Since then, teaching online or in hybrid models has been common across the province. To understand how French as a Second Language (FSL) teachers navigated these spaces, four Ontario French teachers were interviewed about their experience using educational technology and teaching online. Findings were analyzed in light of Hargreaves and Fullan's (2020) reframing of classic understandings of teachers' work in the context of the global pandemic. Findings show that factors influencing these teachers' professional capital reflect common concerns among Canadian educators, alongside those specific to the FSL context. Participants' professional marginalization and seclusion demonstrates the importance of both the psychic rewards of teaching and cultures of collaboration. Ongoing efforts to capture ways in which teaching FSL has been shaped by the pandemic experience, therefore, require looking beyond individual classrooms to connected systems and systematic efforts of reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research contributes to literature documenting the changes in urban form observed in North America during the 20th Century. While numerous broad-scale analyses of the differences between traditional urbanism, suburban sprawl and New Urbanism do exist, it seems that neighbourhood- and lot-scaled empirical studies of changes in residential neighbourhood forms do not. This study therefore documents changes in several neighbourhood- and lot-scaled variables for five residential neighbourhoods in Hamilton, Ontario, each representative of a distinct period of construction, in an effort to quantify the differences amongst the primary development patterns. There are three key findings. First, individual building lot size and building setback variables demonstrate expected maximum values in the mid-Century, coincident with the beginning of the automobile dependent era. These have since decreased, likely in response to increasing land costs and other development constraints. Second, the period of construction for a given neighbourhood was found to be an important determinant of street pattern, normalized street length and residential density. And third, observations of several variables (including density) suggest there are substantive differences between residential neighbourhood forms found in Canada and the United States [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]