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Permanently submerged sediment samples (SS) were collected in the center stream of eleven tributaries of Changjiang (Yangtze River) and at eight confluence zones in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in May and December of 2017. The work showed that aqua regia digestion is a simpler, more reliable and robust method compared to total digestion with hydrofluoric acid (HF) for the determination of trace metals (TMs) in sediment for risk assessment purpose. Our study revealed a remarkable accumulation of TMs at the confluence zones and a trend of their gradual increase toward this zone. The presence of iron and manganese (oxy)hydroxides combined with hydrodynamic conditions created by the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and its operation are believed to play a crucial role. This work also found that concentrations of NH 4 + − N in May sediment were significantly higher than those in December, which could have been caused by both the cyclic hydrodynamic conditions and the warmer water. TOC and TP were both very low in the sediment. Although TN was 2 times higher than the Lowest Effect Level suggested by the Ontario Ministry of Environment, it is uncertain if it reflects a natural background level or due to anthropogenic activities. A critical discussion is made by comparing the conclusions obtained when using different TMs risk assessment models. Necessary precautions are highly recommended when performing this exercise. In this study, no significant risk from either TMs or nutrients was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tanezumab administered as a fixed dosing regimen in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis. Randomized controlled phase III trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy and safety associated with tanezumab for knee or hip OA were systematically identified by searching electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase, for 30 years from December 1990 up to July 2020. Ten relevant studies were included in our meta-analysis. The research was reported based on the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure the reliability and verity of results. Our study showed that the tanezumab groups were more effective than the placebo groups in terms of mean change from the baseline in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain (P <.00001), WOMAC physical functional (P <.00001), and patient's global assessment (PGA) (P <.00001). Discontinued due to adverse events (AEs) (P <.00001), serious AEs (P =.02), abnormal peripheral sensations (both P <.00001), and peripheral neuropathy (P <.002) in tanezumab groups were significantly higher than that in control groups. Compared with placebo, tanezumab can effectively relieve pain and improve WOMAC physical function and patient's global assessment (PGA) in knee and hip osteoarthritis. Meanwhile, adverse events are transient in nature and generally well-tolerated. However, we still need large-sample, high-quality studies to investigate the long-term safety of tanezumab to give the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]