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To explore psychological problems (Anxiety, Depression and Stress) in general population during Covid-19 pandemic. To find predictive effects of cognitive emotion regulation on psychological problems. Convenient sampling technique was used to obtain the sample of 500 participants (Male = 239, Female = 261). Research instrument consists of four parts. First part comprised of consent form, second part was about demographic profile, third part was Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21) while Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was the last part of the instrument. SPSS 23.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version was used for study analysis. Descriptive statistics used to summarize the raw data. The inferential statistics such as regression, correlation and t-test were used to calculate the findings according to research objectives. Results indicated that 33%, 40% and 27% individuals were experiencing Depression, Anxiety and Stress respectively during Covid-19 pandemic. Among these participants, 48% (N = 242) were experiencing normal level of all these targeted psychological problems while remaining 52% (N = 258) respondents have mild to very severe level of all these disorders. Furthermore, findings of linear regression analysis illustrated that cognitive emotion regulation significantly predicts psychological problems [R2=.216; F = 51.223, p <.01] and 21% variation in psychological problems is due to cognitive emotion regulation. This study recommended that policy makers must develop and implement some necessary programmes to prevent and cure people from devastating psychological and mental health consequences of covid-19 on priority basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the predictive relation of demographic variables with relational aggression. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan, from Aug 2017 to Jan 2018. Methodology: A total of 612 adolescent students were selected with age 12-19 years from diverse academic institutes of Gujrat city. Urdu version of diverse adolescent relational aggression scale was used to measure relational aggression. Neural network analysis was carried out by using SPSS-21. Result: The findings of this study revealed significant predictive relation of demographic variables (gender, birth order, family system, number of siblings and age) with relational aggression. The most important predictor of relational aggression in teenagers was birth order 0.249 (100%), age 0.246 (98.9%) siblings 0.242 (86.3%), family system 0.166 (66.8%) and gender 123 (49.6) respectively. Conclusion: Demographic variables are the significant predictor of relational aggression. By managing the effects of these variables, adverse behavior of relational aggression can be controlled in adolescent students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find out the impact of social support and adjustment problems on perceived loneliness in elderly. Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Data was obtained from old houses of Lahore and residences of Gujrat Pakistan, from Mar 2019 to May 2019. Methodology: Total sample of 150 elderlies of age 60 and above, living either in old homes (n=75) or with their family (n=75) was taken by purposive and snowball sampling techniques respectively. For data collection, Urdu versions of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Scale for Adjustment Problems for Adults and De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale were used. In first phase, the translation of De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale was conducted in Urdu by using forward backward translation method and in second phase, data collection was carried out with three standardized scales. Results: The results were significant and revealed that social support has negative correlation with loneliness (r=-0.57, p<0.01) while adjustment problems have positive correlation with loneliness (r=0.59, p<0.01). Family members’ support (R²=0.38, F (3,146) = 29.72, p<0.01) and adjustment problems (R²=0.47, F (8,141) = 15.51, p<0.01) are the predictors of loneliness among the elderly. Conclusion: Social support and adjustment problems served as the predictors of perceived loneliness among elderly. Moreover, significant differences have been found for social support, adjustment problems and perceived loneliness in elderly people residing in homes and in old age institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find the predictive relationship of locus of control with work life balance and job satisfaction. Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub-campus, from May 2017 to Dec 2018. Methodology: A sample of 150 Gazetted administrative offices of 17 grade and above was collected from various government organizations of Gujrat and Sialkot City, Punjab, Pakistan. The sample age ranges from 30-60 years. Work locus of control scale, work life balance scale and Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire were implemented to measure locus of control, work life balance and job satisfaction respectively. Results: Path analysis was carried out by using Amos Graphic. Model summary revealed that locus of control was a significant predictor of work life balance and job satisfaction (p≤0.001) Conclusion: The present study supported the predictive relationship of locus of control with work-life balance and job satisfaction among administrative officers. The findings of the current study will be provided the key information to the policy makers with that they can manage the work-life balance and job satisfaction by working on locus of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of stigma in psychological issues such as depression, anxiety and conduct disorder among orphans resides in orphan homes. Study Design: Correlational research design. Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected from Gujrat, Gujranwala, Sialkot and Lahore, Pakistan from Jan 2017 to Oct 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 200 children of ages 12-17 years (mean age=13.820; SD= 1.61886) were selected by using purposive sampling technique to investigate the effect of stigma in developing psychological issues among orphans. Participants were assessed on Demographic form, Orphan Stigma Scale, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Depression Scale for Children and Conduct Disorder Scale. Results: To examine the relation of Stigma with Anxiety, Depression and Conduct disorder linear Regression Analysis was used. The results show that stigma has a significant predictor with anxiety (R=0.361; R2=0.130, F=29.250, p<0.01) and depression (R=0.295; R2=0.087, F=18.579, p<0.01) whereas in conduct disorder the relationship was insignificant (R=0.128; R2=0.016, F=3.191, p>0.076). Conclusion: It is concluded from the findings of this research that stigma has a significant impact on depression and anxiety. Further, study indicated that a stigma does not have a significant predictive relationship on conduct disorder in the orphans living in Orphanages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the role of mothers' expressed emotions in psychopathology and social-emotional competence in adolescents. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan, from Jul 2020 to Aug 2021 Methodology: Five hundred mothers and their five hundred adolescents were approached to measure the role of mothers' expressed emotions in psychopathology and social-emotional competence in adolescents. For this purpose, parental Expressed Emotions Scale-1 was used, and to assess the psychopathology and social-emotional competence in adolescents, Social Anxiety Scale-2 and Social-Emotional Competence Scale-3 were used. Results: Artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was used to identify the mothers' expressed emotions as predictors of social anxiety and social-emotional competence in adolescents. Results showed incorrect predictions was for training data (60%) and for testing data (28%), which signify the current results that around 72% of right decision about mothers' expressed emotions as a predictor of social anxiety and social-emotional competence in adolescents. Conclusion: In the teenage period, youth face an increasing number of psychological, social, and developmental challenges. Mothers are the first teachers of their children. When they fail to support them and display ways of negatively expressing emotions, it leads to overall mental health issues, in which social anxiety is the most common challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Development and validation of domestic violence scale for intimate partners in Urdu language. Study Design: Cross sectional survey research design and purposive sampling technique were used. Place and Duration of Study: District Head Quarter Teaching Hospitals, Sargodha and Gujrat Pakistan, from Feb 2020 to Dec 2021. Methodology: The domestic violence scale was based on 7 factors included neglect, psychological violence, spiritual violence, verbal violence, economic violence, physical violence, and sexual violence. Initially, 305 statements were developed on the bases of inductive and deductive approaches. 202 out of 305 items were selected after expert evaluation. Further, the pilot study retained 131 items. Moreover, for final administration data was collected by using a self-reported questionnaire on 654 married males and females from District Sargodha and District Gujrat Pakistan (including 320 injured women victimized by domestic violence reported in DHQ hospital Sargodha and Gujrat). Results: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Pallant showed an acceptable value above 0.6 showing the sampling adequacy of the Domestic Violence Scale. The KMO value of the domestic violence scale was 0.955, and the CFI was 0.948 with a significant p<0.01 value. The results indicated appropriate model fit indices for a significant model fit. There was high reliability of the domestic violence scale (0.951) at a 0.01 level of significance. At the end of all analyses 25 reliable and valid items retain in the scale. Conclusion: Domestic violence scale is valid and reliable instrument to measure neglect, psychological violence, spiritual violence, verbal violence, economic violence, physical violence, and sexual violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]