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To encourage technological and industrial innovation, nations worldwide implement "re-industrialization" and "manufacturing return." This study investigates the relationship between GDP growth, expenditure on research and development, and medium- to high-tech as a percentage of manufactured exports on technological innovation in Pakistan. We evaluated long-run and short-run causal relationships using the ARDL, bound-F test, and ECM regression. The study found a positive relationship between GDP growth and technological innovation in the short and long run. In the short run, with a one-year lag, the analysis reveals a positive and statistically significant relationship between technological innovation, medium-high-tech exports, and GDP growth. In the long run, R&D is positive and significant, while economic growth and technological innovation are positive but not statistically significant. There is a 0.38 percent chance that exogenous shocks will eventually lead to equilibrium in the long run. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to allocate resources to research and development, promoting collaborative initiatives, ensuring intellectual property rights, and developing a skilled workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between compensation, performance, and risk in a sample of Pakistani banks, using panel data for 20 banks from 2011 to 2021 has been examined in this research. To the best of researcher's knowledge, this is one of the first study examining the relationship between performance, risk and employee compensation using panel data approach in the context of Pakistan and using data for longer period. To examine the influence of employee compensation on the performance and risk of banks, we employed three performance measures: return on assets, return on equity, and operating profits. Risk assessment was conducted using non-performing loans and risk-weighted assets. Findings of study suggest that employee compensation has no significant impact on performance and risk of banks in Pakistan; this means in Pakistan higher employee's compensation does not enable banks to improve their performance or enable banks to take more risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]