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This study was conducted to analyze the impact of varying levels of plant based protein diets (15%, 20%, and 25% crude protein) prepared from cheaper plant proteins, to keep minimum use of fish meal, on growth performance, survival and production of hybrid fry (Labeo rohita♀ x Catla catla ♂). The hybrid fry of mean 1.05±0.08 g body weight and 4.36±0.40 cm mean length were acclimatized and transferred to 8 X 6 X 3 ft. hapas. Fry were fed with fish meal at the rate of 10 % of body weight during acclimatization period and experimental feed at the rate of 5 % of body weight up to the end of the 90 days experiment in duplicate at the fish farms facility. The growth performance of test fishes was observed at monthly interval and accordingly the fish feed was readjusted. During the study period, water quality parameters were maintained within safe limits for fish growth. Ten fish specimens from each treatment were randomly collected at the end of trial for growth parameters analysis. Different growth parameters, such as mean weight gain, mean length gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, feed conversion ratio and production were determined. Results revealed maximum gains in T3 (25%) feed group as compared to T1 (15%) and T2 (20%) feed groups. The lowest food conversion ratio (FCR) was also noted in the T3 (25%) group showing best feed composition of T3 (25%) feed by the tested fish fry. ANOVA analysis showed highly significant (P<0.001) difference in the final weight, final length and production among three treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3), while no difference (P>0.05) was observed in SGR, FCR and PER values of the three treatment groups. Hence, a protein diet containing 25% dietary protein is not only cost-efficient, economical but also nutritional and wholesome for a fish's health condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to analyze the impact of varying levels of plant based protein diets (15%, 20%, and 25% crude protein) prepared from cheaper plant proteins, to keep minimum use of fish meal, on growth performance, survival and production of hybrid fry (Labeo rohita♀ x Catla catla ♂). The hybrid fry of mean 1.05±0.08 g body weight and 4.36±0.40 cm mean length were acclimatized and transferred to 8 X 6 X 3 ft. hapas. Fry were fed with fish meal at the rate of 10 % of body weight during acclimatization period and experimental feed at the rate of 5 % of body weight up to the end of the 90 days experiment in duplicate at the fish farms facility. The growth performance of test fishes was observed at monthly interval and accordingly the fish feed was readjusted. During the study period, water quality parameters were maintained within safe limits for fish growth. Ten fish specimens from each treatment were randomly collected at the end of trial for growth parameters analysis. Different growth parameters, such as mean weight gain, mean length gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, feed conversion ratio and production were determined. Results revealed maximum gains in T3 (25%) feed group as compared to T1 (15%) and T2 (20%) feed groups. The lowest food conversion ratio (FCR) was also noted in the T3 (25%) group showing best feed composition of T3 (25%) feed by the tested fish fry. ANOVA analysis showed highly significant (P<0.001) difference in the final weight, final length and production among three treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3), while no difference (P>0.05) was observed in SGR, FCR and PER values of the three treatment groups. Hence, a protein diet containing 25% dietary protein is not only cost-efficient, economical but also nutritional and wholesome for a fish's health condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study was conducted to estimate the body composition parameters in hybrid fry (Labeo rohita ♀ and Catla catla ♂) by feeding them at three graded protein feeds (15%CP, 20%CP, 25%CP). Eighteen days old fry of hybrid (L. rohita ♀ and C. catla ♂) of 0.12±0.08 average weight(g) and length(cm) 1.63±0.21 were acclimatized and shifted in hapas (8x6x3 ft.), fed at the rate of 5% of their wet body weight. Ten samples from each hapa were randomly selected at the end of three months (90 days trial) for body composition analysis. Mean percent water, ash, fat and protein contents were ranged 80.55±0.94 to 80.55±0.94; 2.23±0.13 to 2.23±0.13, 5.85±0.55 to 6.63±0.97 and 10.59±1.67 to 11.93±1.67 in wet body weight of hybrid fish (Labeo rohita ♀ and Catla catla ♂), respectively, reared under different treatments. Mean water and fat contents showed highest percent values in T1 (15%CP), while ash and protein contents were found highest in T3 (25%CP) in the hybrid fish. Protein and lipid showed inverse relation as with increasing dietary protein levels as T3 (25%) feed showed highest protein content and lowest lipid content. Inverse relation was seen between water content and fat content. % water showed relationship with % fat, % protein and % organic content in T1 feed, while T2 and T3 showed no significant correlation. All (T1, T2, T3) feeds showed no relation between % water and % ash (wet and dry). All (T1, T2, T3) feeds observed highly significant correlation between body weight and water content. Investigation of body size on total body composition parameters revealed generally in different feeds an increasing trend in total protein, total ash and total organic content, while a decreasing trend in total fat content. Total length in all (T1, T2, T3) feeds observed no influence on total water content, total protein content and total organic content, while an influence on ash content and total fat content was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study was conducted to estimate the body composition parameters in hybrid fry (Labeo rohita ♀ and Catla catla ♂) by feeding them at three graded protein feeds (15%CP, 20%CP, 25%CP). Eighteen days old fry of hybrid (L. rohita ♀ and C. catla ♂) of 0.12±0.08 average weight(g) and length(cm) 1.63±0.21 were acclimatized and shifted in hapas (8x6x3 ft.), fed at the rate of 5% of their wet body weight. Ten samples from each hapa were randomly selected at the end of three months (90 days trial) for body composition analysis. Mean percent water, ash, fat and protein contents were ranged 80.55±0.94 to 80.55±0.94; 2.23±0.13 to 2.23±0.13, 5.85±0.55 to 6.63±0.97 and 10.59±1.67 to 11.93±1.67 in wet body weight of hybrid fish (Labeo rohita ♀ and Catla catla ♂), respectively, reared under different treatments. Mean water and fat contents showed highest percent values in T1 (15%CP), while ash and protein contents were found highest in T3 (25%CP) in the hybrid fish. Protein and lipid showed inverse relation as with increasing dietary protein levels as T3 (25%) feed showed highest protein content and lowest lipid content. Inverse relation was seen between water content and fat content. % water showed relationship with % fat, % protein and % organic content in T1 feed, while T2 and T3 showed no significant correlation. All (T1, T2, T3) feeds showed no relation between % water and % ash (wet and dry). All (T1, T2, T3) feeds observed highly significant correlation between body weight and water content. Investigation of body size on total body composition parameters revealed generally in different feeds an increasing trend in total protein, total ash and total organic content, while a decreasing trend in total fat content. Total length in all (T1, T2, T3) feeds observed no influence on total water content, total protein content and total organic content, while an influence on ash content and total fat content was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in the Pediatric Oncology Units (POUs) of Pakistan. Data from 1 April 2019 to 30 June 2019 and 1 April 2020 to 30 June 2020 for the first and second cohort, respectively, in order to compare the registration, abandonment rate, and delay in treatment. Six hundred and thirty-four were registered cases, 379 and 255 in the first and second cohort, respectively, which was significantly different <0.005. Seventy-seven were abandoned, 45 and 32 in the first and second cohort, respectively. Fifty-nine COVID-19 positive cases, 24, 4, 27, and 4 were admitted, referred, home isolated, and leave against medical advice (LAMA), respectively. Delayed treatment and reduction in new cases were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation conducted in 90 days feeding trial evaluated the effect of three dietary protein feeds (15% CP, 20%CP, 25%CP) composed of plant protein ingredients, on elemental concentration in Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) fingerlings, a developed strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Feed preparation criteria was based on cost effectiveness and local availability of cheaper plant protein feed ingredients. Ten specimens were randomly selected from each treatment hapa for evaluating the concentrations of selected essential and non-essential elements in GIFT fingerlings fed with dietary protein levels of 15% (T1), 20% (T2) and 25% (T3) crude protein. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer was used for the analysis of whole-body elemental concentrations in relation to fish size under the influence of various dietary protein levels. The concentrations of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Pb and Cd were quantified for T1, T2 and T3 fish samples. An increasing trend was observed in the concentrations of studied elements with the increase of dietary crude protein in fish feed. The elemental concentration in the carcasses of studied GIFT yielded similar accumulation pattern for three treatment groups T1, T2 and T3, i.e., K > Na > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd. Linear and multiple regression was applied to check the significance of accumulated elements. The relationship among the element concentrations and weight and length of fishes was also examined. A positive association between the elements and weight and length of the sampled fish was noted except for Fe in T1 with body weight. A common trend of positive and negative allometry was observed for most of the elemental concentrations with wet body weight and total length respectively. The level of non-essential toxic elements, Cd and Pb, did not exceed the permitted levels of international standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: About one quarter of pregnant women in the population of Pakistan are using long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) for prevention of malaria. Past research reported that adequate information and education would act as mediator to change behaviour among patients for prevention of malaria infection. The effective use of LLINs would contribute to reduction of disease burden caused by malaria. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of health education on the adoption of LLINs among pregnant women living in Tharparkar, a remote district in Sindh Province, Pakistan. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design with control and intervention groups was conducted with 200 pregnant women (100 in each group). Women in the intervention group were provided with health education sessions on malaria for 12 weeks, while those in the control group obtained routine information from lady health workers (LHWs). Pre- and post-intervention assessment was done of knowledge about malaria and use of LLIN, which was statistically analysed using descriptive statistics and difference in difference (DID) multivariable regression analysis to test effectiveness of the intervention. Results: Baseline was conducted with 200 pregnant women. Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups with slight differences in age, education, income, type of latrine, and source of drinking water. There were no significant differences between mean knowledge and use of LLINs scores between groups at baseline. However, the estimated DID value after the intervention was 4.170 (p < 0.01) and represents an increase in scores of knowledge in the intervention group compared to control. Similarly DID value of 3.360 (p < 0.05) showed an increase in use of LLINs score after the intervention which was significant, showing that the intervention had a positive effect. Conclusions: Results proved that health education could be an effective intervention for improving knowledge and usage of LLINs among pregnant women for the prevention of malaria. Such educational interventions have a positive potential to be implemented at larger scale by incorporating them into routine health sessions provided by health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the attitude of Physical Therapy Students towards Post-graduation studies. A cross sectional survey was administrated in 4th year and final year. Undergraduate physical therapy students from different institutes of Pakistan. Opinion from Participants was taken regarding the motives and barriers in pursuing higher studies in physical Therapy. For this purpose, a well-structured questionnaire was used to investigate latest trends in pursuing higher studies in physical therapy. We have found that most of the participants were females and belong to the University of Sargodha. Tuition fee and academic program were the prime factors that participants preferred while choosing University for higher education. Lucrative career and availability of research opportunities were principal motives while inadequate financial aid and social issues were a barrier. Most of the students wanted to obtain higher education in Musculoskeletal PT and neurological PT. We concluded that post-graduation in PT is acquired to gain professional enhancement and better status in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]