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A retrospective study was performed to report the case occurrence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in three hospitals of north-eastern region in Punjab Province, Pakistan. We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of patients in 4 hospitals which were diagnosed with CE during 2012-2017. A total of 198 cases, 82 (41.4%) male and 116 (58.6%) females were detected as CE. The most Highest incidence was revealed in . . . . 21-30 years-old group (24.2%) followed by 41-50 (22.7%), 31-40 (16.2%), 11-20 (13.6%), 51-60 (8.1%), below 10 (5.5%), over 71 (5.1%) and 61-70 year-old group (4.5%). CE was detected in various organs of infected individuals. However, most of CE cases were detected in the liver (47.4%) and lung (18.6%). The present study indicated that CE is more or less prevalent in surveyed areas and one of the most important public health problems in Punjab Province, Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the relationship between pre-existent hyperglycemia among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring oxygen supplementation. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: COVID-19 isolation wards, High Dependency Units, and Intensive Care Units of Mayo Hospital Lahore Pakistan, from Apr to May 2021. Methodology: Eighty-one patients with hyperglycemia but without a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were selected for this study. The data was collected from COVID PCR positive patients admitted to the isolation ward and intensive care unit at Mayo Hospital, Lahore. All the patients admitted during a 2-month duration from April to May 2021. Results: A Total of 81 patients were included, of which 54(66.7%) were males. On the basis of HbA1c, 68(84%), 12(14.8%) and 1 (1.2%) patient(s) were diagnosed diabetic, pre-diabetic and non-diabetic respectively. Of the four patients requiring mechanical ventilation, 3(75%) were diabetic, and 1(25%) was pre-diabetic. Of patients who required non-invasive ventilation, 68(84.4%), 12(14.2%) and 1(1.3%) were diabetic, pre-diabetic and non-diabetic, respectively. Conclusion: There is a significant burden of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes among patients with severe COVID-19 who require oxygen supplementation or admission to high-dependency units. Therefore, all patients should undergo thorough testing to exclude underlying diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to see the patterns of skin changes in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase treated with different doses of imatinib., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Oncology Department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 6 months. Patients aged 7-70 years diagnosed either by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for BCR-ABL or cytogenetics for Philadelphia (Ph) chromosomes and consuming different doses of imatinib for the treatment of CML were randomly selected. Skin manifestations were analyzed and recorded on a predesigned proforma by a dermatologist., Results: A total of 132 patients were enrolled; 65 male (49.24%) and 67 female (50.75%). Periorbital edema was found in 48.5% of cases, and hyperpigmentaion and melasma were found in 76.5% of cases. Pruritus was diagnosed in 6.8% of cases, alopecia in 5.3% of cases, and photosensitivity in 43.9% of cases., Conclusions: It was concluded that imatinib is associated with many adverse cutaneous side effects which should be overcome or reduced by either decreasing the duration of treatment with imatinib or switching to other treatment options., (© 2019 International Society of Dermatology.)

Pre-diabetes is a state of intermediate hyperglycaemia. Helicobacter (H) pylori infection is an established risk factor for pre-diabetes. This comparative cross-sectional study was done in Mayo Hospital Lahore from November 2015 to August 2016 in which 270 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with antral biopsy. An oral glucose tolerance test was done half to one hour after endoscopy. Patients were diagnosed having pre-diabetes according to American Diabetic Association criteria. Cases were divided into Group A and B based on the presence or absence of histopathological evidence of H. pylori respectively. Comparison was done to see the occurrence of pre-diabetes in H. pylori positive versus helicobacter negative dyspeptic patients. Results showed that 79 (58.52%) in Group-A and 62 (45.93%) in Group-B had pre-diabetes while remaining 56 (41.48%) in Group-A and 73 (54.07%) in Group-B had no findings of this morbidity, p value was calculated as 0.03 showing a significant difference. It was concluded that H. pylori infection is significantly associated with pre-diabetes.