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The present study analyzes the asymmetric effects of technical innovation, foreign direct investment, and agriculture productivity on Pakistan's environmental degradation from 1990 to 2020. A non-linear autoregressive model (NARDL) has been used for the analysis. The asymmetric effects have been computed for both the long and short run. The empirical results show that there is equilibrium long-run relationship among the variables. Moreover, it is found that the effect of FDI on CO2 emission is positive regardless of whether there are positive or negative shocks to FDI in the long run. The short-run results are similar except for the positive shocks to FDIat lag one, which reduces environmental degradation in Pakistan. However, in the long run, population growth and positive (negative) shocks to technical innovation have a negative and significant impact on CO2, whereas agriculture productivity is the main source of environmental degradation in Pakistan. The asymmetric tests show that FDI and agriculture productivity have strong asymmetric effects on the CO2 emissions in the long run, whereas there is weak evidence of, in the short and long run, asymmetric effects of technical innovations in Pakistan. These results are statistically significant, valid, and stable as per most of the diagnostic tests conducted and reported in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovations have a great potential to develop the transportation system as more efficient, intelligent, connected, and sustainable. Therefore, transport energy consumption fundamentally transmutes how goods and people are moved with significant effects on transport demand with related energy consumption on a sustainable environment. To this end, our research aimed at investigating the environmental performance (carbon dioxide and ecological footprint) by stochastic impact by regression through a population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model, and econometric approach for estimation of transport energy consumption from 1975 to 2018 for Pakistan. Moreover, our study supports the literature by exploring the association of technological innovations, financial development, carbon damage costs, and economic growth with the environment. The linear relationships of the variables are governed by the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model that interestingly explored that economic growth and energy consumption, and financial development degrade the environment and resource depletion; however, technological innovations are inclined towards cleaner technologies. For asymmetric findings, we employ the non-linear autoregressive distributive lag technique recently introduced by Shin et al. (2014). The findings validate the existence of an asymmetric relationship between transport energy consumption and environmental indicators. The policymakers' prerequisites the alternative energies apart from conventional energies in the transport sector with technological innovations in transport sector energy consumption like the electronic and hybrid vehicles for a cleaner environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature review lacks empirical studies on the role of big data analytics (BDA) and green technological innovation capabilities (GTICs) in promoting the sustainable performance of the manufacturing industry. The primary objective of this study is to examine the role of BDA-technology capability, GTIC, and environmental orientation toward green production and sustainable firm performance. Moreover, this research paper investigates the mediating role of green production and green competitive advantage and the moderating role of corporate reputation and supply chain innovativeness. Primary data was collected from Pakistani manufacturing firms through the survey method. Structural equation modeling was applied to measure and verify the relationship of proposed hypotheses. Empirical findings show BDA technology capability, GTIC, and environmental orientation positively contribute to green production. Moreover, green production helps achieve a green competitive advantage, and green competitive advantage positively influences sustainable firm performance. Furthermore, mediating role of green production and green competitive advantage and moderating role of corporate reputation and supply chain innovativeness was also confirmed. This study contributes by developing a comprehensive model showing the relationship between organizational capabilities, BDA technology capability, GTIC, and sustainable firm performance by considering potential mediators and moderators. Thus, this research suggests enhancing green production and sustainable firm performance through adopting BDA technology capability and GTIC by Pakistani manufacturing firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's GDP grew 9% annually during the end of the twentieth century. This economic growth degrades China's ecology, making it the world's greatest polluter. This position forced China to invest in developing nations and to take advantage of low-cost labor and increased pollution quotas from the World Trade Organization (WTO) to meet sustainable development objectives without environmental harm. The significance of this study is, first, this study examines the influence of Chinese outward foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, trade openness, technological innovation, and energy consumption on carbon emissions in Asian countries (Turkey, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, India, Indonesia, and Cambodia). Secondly, the panel autoregressive distributed lag cointegration (ARDL) technique was used on data from 2000 to 2020 to investigate the pollution halo/haven hypothesis and environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for south Asian nations. This analysis demonstrated that Chinese outbound foreign direct investment increases carbon emissions and confirms the pollution halo concept. Except for India and Pakistan, these nations show a U-shaped link between Chinese foreign direct investment and carbon emissions. So, policy implications recommended by the results of this study are foreign direct investment inflows with modern and ecofriendly technological transfer and enhancement in labor, and conservational management practices will benefit emerging countries to attain their sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to see if technological innovation has an impact on Pakistan's manufacturing exports? For this purpose, Pseudo-Poison Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator with time and importer fixed effects has been applied to study adopted gravity model of manufacturing exports of Pakistan to its 65 major import partners over the period 2011-2018. The results show that technological innovation in both Pakistan and its importing partners positively and significantly affect Pakistan's manufacturing exports. In addition, the outcomes of this study also confirm that the standard gravity variables are the important determinants of manufacturing exports. This article also adds to the existing literature by examining additional aspects of technological innovation. Second, this paper fills a research gap in Pakistan, as there has never been a study on the association between innovation and manufacturing exports. As a consequence, this study will open new avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contribution: This study compares the outcome-based education (OBE) system with the traditional teaching–learning methods. A detailed analysis regarding the effectiveness of these techniques at Riphah International University (RIU), Faisalabad Campus is presented. Background: Education is becoming more demanding in terms of students’ learning. In the same way, teaching methods are becoming more systematic and outcome-oriented. Pakistan has turned out to be a full signatory of the Washington Accord, and Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) has directed all engineering institutions to implement the described OBE system. Intended Outcomes: The aim of this work is to investigate the advantages and drawbacks of both teaching methods. Also, it reveals the strengths of the OBE system to improve future students’ learning. Application Design: The analysis is performed by considering the student’s feedback, average learning scores, letter grades, and overall class impact as the main driving factors toward the comprehensive system’s evaluation. The data for two consecutive batches under OBE and non-OBE systems is collected and compared. Reliability and validity tests were also performed for the data validation. Findings: The overall transformation from non-OBE to OBE has proved the new educational system superlative in student learning, subject delivery, and teaching technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two decades, the phenomenon of green growth has gained much attention from academics and policymakers striving to find a sustainable solution to environmental problems worldwide. Technological innovation serves as a tool to abate the acute environmental crisis and continuously promote sustainable development by converting traditional economies into green economies. Pakistan is among the developing countries relying on conventional technology and energy resources to meet population and economy demands, which has led to a surge in greenhouse gases and other hazardous air pollutants. The literature exploring green growth in the Pakistani context is scant; the present study will therefore fill this gap and explore the dynamic linkage between technological innovation and ISO 14001 with green growth in Pakistan in the presence of environmental challenges such as energy consumption and population growth. A novel grey relational analysis model approach is employed to examine the interrelationship between the study parameters. Results indicate that technological innovation is significantly correlated with green growth, and ISO 14001 also shows a substantial relationship with green growth. However, among the environmental challenges, energy consumption poses a barrier to green growth development as the country's energy mix is dominated by fossil fuels as compared to renewables. The research findings produce a much-needed policy suggestion to address the environmental challenges by promoting green growth development in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to analyse the role of technological innovation, globalization, and renewable energy to reduce environmental degradation in Pakistan by using the time series data from 1980 to 2018. The study used the quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) model for empirical estimation. According to the analysis, economic growth is positively and significantly associated with carbon dioxide emissions. The study also validates the EKC hypothesis in the case of Pakistan. Moreover, we found that technological innovation and renewable energy are negatively associated with the environmental degradation. This relationship is significant at all the quantiles. Our analysis shows that globalization is also an important source to bring an increase in CO 2 emissions in Pakistan. Our empirical analysis also supports the negative role of cleaner energy for mitigating emissions in the short-term. The results from Granger causality also reveal the bidirectional causality from GDP, Innovation, and renewable energy to carbon dioxide emissions, however, there exists a unidirectional causality from GDP to globalization for Pakistan. The study provides useful policy directions for the policymakers in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to find out the extent to which organizational culture and intellectual capital influence the textile industry's business performance in Pakistan. The study uses causal and explanatory research design. Several 200 textile industry employees participated in this survey, selected as the study sample using the purposive sampling technique. The study detects that both organizational and intellectual capital directly impact the textile firms' business performance. However, the impact of intellectual capital on business performance is more substantial than that of organizational culture. The mediating effect of technological innovation in the relationship between organizational culture and business performance is also supported. The study can be used by the textile industry managers to set up policies on how to improve business performance in the textile firms. The study also fills the literature gap as prior studies do not have worked on the mediating aspect of technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between CO2 emissions and its determinants, namely, technological innovations (TIs), international tourism and economic growth for Pakistan between 1990 and 2017. The ARDL bounds and Bayer and Hanck tests of cointegration revealed that variables of the study are cointegrated in the long-run. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that technological innovation in the country could prove environment-friendly as improved technology could result in efficient production and less energy use, thus fewer emissions. Moreover, this study concluded that short and long-term gains in tourism and economic growth are at the cost of environmental quality which is neither feasible nor favourable looking into the SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COP27 has provided a new direction in overcoming the issue of climate change. In the world of growing environmental degradation and climate change issues, the South Asian economies are playing a vital role in tackling these issues. Still, the literature focuses on industrialized economies while ignoring the newly emerging economies. This study evaluates the technological factors' influence on carbon emission in the four small South Asian economies (Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India) from 1989 to 2021. This study found the long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables using second-generation estimating tools. Employing the non-parametric and robust parametric approach, this study found that economic performance and development are substantial emissions drivers. In contrast, energy technology and tech innovation are the region's key environmental sustainability factors. Further, the study found that trade positively yet insignificantly impacts pollution. This study suggests further investment in energy technology and technological innovation to improve the production of energy-efficient products and services in these emerging economies. • COP27 perspective of South Asian countries is analyzed. • The role of trade and economic growth is examined during 1989 and 2021. • Method of moment quantile regression and robust regression are used. • Economic growth and trade drives climate change and environmental degradation. • Technological innovation and energy technology reduces carbon emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan's energy issue remains an impediment to economic sectors facing significant obstacles in eliminating the energy demand-supply gap. Macroeconomic experts are looking for more suitable and inventive ways to construct a sustainable energy framework. The study inspects ten control factors, including household consumption expenditure, other electricity consumption, industrial value-added, urbanization population growth, agricultural value-added, arable land, rainfall pattern, public-private partnership, technological innovation, and institutional quality, to explore the electricity consumption of agricultural, commercial, industrial, and residential sectors from 1980 to 2019. We applied a novel dynamic ARDL simulation method, Cumulative Fourier Frequency Domain Causality, and structural break estimation approach. The findings reveal that agricultural, commercial, and industrial sectors have a greater influence on energy than residential sector determinants. More specifically, a 1 % increase in technological innovation in the commercial sector increases energy consumption by 0.029 and 0.141 % in the short and long-run, respectively. Additionally, a 1 % upsurge in the industrial sector's technological innovation coefficient indicates a short-run drop of 0.043 % and a long-run rise of 0.097 %. It implies that technological progress increases sectoral energy efficiency and is also environmentally friendly. While public-private partnerships are beneficial to the country's commercial activities, increasing institutional performance can enhance the productivity of the industrial sector. Also, household consumption and expenditure greatly impacted the residential sector. The findings suggest that understanding energy governance and policy methods is important to resolve equitable energy infrastructure challenges in Pakistan. • The study explores energy consumption distinguish factors at sectoral level in Pakistan. • We employed a novel methodological framework for empirical estimation. • Agriculture, commercial, and industrial sectors have higher impact on energy than residential sector. • The results show significant policy implications at the sectoral level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, the issues about sustainable development are on the increase. Moreover, these issues are rising every day in Pakistan, as remittances are increasing, technology innovation is ambiguous, natural resources are degraded, and economic expansion might pose serious challenges to the environment. Thus, this research looks at how remittances, natural resources, technological innovation, and economic growth affect carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in Pakistan by controlling energy consumption and urbanization from 1990 to 2019. The Bayer and Hanck test of combined cointegration discloses a cointegration between remittances, natural resources, technological innovations, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions. Moreover, the autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) proposes a significant positive association between remittances and CO 2 emissions in the long run, indicating that the increase in remittances distresses the environmental performance of Pakistan. Our study confirms that natural resources decrease CO 2 emissions while technological advancement, economic progress, energy use, and urbanization increase CO 2 emissions. In addition, the results of robustness checks by employing fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares are parallel to the conclusions of ARDL estimations. Furthermore, the frequency causality test results show that remittances, natural resources, technological innovation, economic growth, energy use, and urbanization cause CO 2 emissions at different frequencies. Therefore, to achieve the sustainable development goals, appropriate policy repercussions can be developed toward advanced and environmentally sustainable sources of energy., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Today, the advancement in the field of telecommunication has provided financial sector firms an opportunity to introduce new technological innovation in providing services to customers. Banks have adopted mobile banking as the key financial service to provide utility and ease to customers. Based on the literature related to technology acceptance, the study extends conceptual model in context to mobile banking. Questionnaires are used for data collection. The results show that customer's concerns about security and reliability of the technology are highly significant. Furthermore, the results imply that mobile banking adoption include sophisticated IT technology and service versatility to attract customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovation has played an important role in the socio-economic development of societies but, this development has come with some potential hazards to the environment. To do so, we use annual time series data over the period 1990–2018 to measure the symmetric and asymmetric effects of technology innovation on carbon emissions for Pakistan. In estimates of linear ARDL model, we found patent (trademark) has negative (positive) short-run symmetric effects on carbon emissions that have been changed into the long-run symmetric insignificant effects in Pakistan. However, when we employed a nonlinear ARDL model, we found the positive and negative shock of the patent has insignificant short-run asymmetric effects while the positive shock of the trademark has an insignificant and negative shock of the trademark has negative significant effects on carbon emissions in the short run. Our findings have been changed into the long-run asymmetric effects in Pakistan. Overall, the results show that asymmetric effects exist between technology innovation and carbon emissions in the long run. Therefore, this empirical research is applicable to policymakers in Pakistan as well as developing economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) investment and diffusion on Pakistan's economic growth by proposing the threshold level of ICT investment. At our proposed level, the ICT imports significantly enhance the intermediate inputs to capital goods, ultimately enhancing economic growth. For this empirical investigation, we use the maximum available data on technological innovation and investment, ranging from 2003 to 2018. Incorporating the structural breaks, the results of regression analysis reveal that Pakistan's economic growth is unaffected by ICT development. However, we observe the mixed shreds of evidence on the ICT investment. Following existing literature, we use ICT goods exports and imports as a proxy for ICT investment. Interestingly, the economic growth of Pakistan is again unaffected by the ICT goods exports. However, we observe that a one percent increase in ICT goods imports enhances economic growth by 1.73 percent. Then, we extend this analysis to the threshold approach, which reveals that ICT imports affect the overall economic growth when the ICT goods imports reach the level of 4.13 percent of the total imports. At this threshold, the ICT goods import significantly enhances the intermediate input to the capital goods, leading to higher economic growth. Therefore, the policymakers should ensure that the ICT goods import must be greater than the 4.13 percent of Pakistani imports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]