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Purpose: Thriving at work can affect eustress and distress differently, so the main purpose of this study is to determine the impact of thriving at work on stress and to extend the existing literature on stress by examining the mediating mechanism of career growth, which is one of the functions of human resource development, in the relationship between thriving at work and stress. Person environment fit theory is used to explain the framework. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 179 employees of the hospitality sector of Pakistan to assess the impact of thriving at work on eustress and distress through the mediation of career growth. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. Findings: Results revealed thriving at work is positively related to eustress whereas it is negatively related to distress, and there is a positive association between thriving and career growth. Furthermore, career growth appeared as an effective explanatory mechanism for relationships between thriving at work and stress. Implications for managers are also discussed. Originality/value: This study encompasses both positive and negative stressors. There are lots of studies available that examine thriving at work and stress, but the present study aims to examine the impact of thriving on both aspects of stress in the presence of career growth as the mediator in the hospitality sector of Pakistan. It also opens new avenues for research on P-E fit theory to gain benefit from the eustress of employees.

This study aims to evaluate municipal landfill sites' operational and financial viability, waste amount and characterization, primary and secondary collection systems, revenue generation from MSW, vehicle routing, and age of landfill sites located in Akhtarabad, Sahiwal Division. Three operational and financial models were developed to calculate cost/ton value based on obtained data. The obtained results indicate that the cost/ton values for models are the following: 20.01 USD for Model-1, 8.96 USD Model-2, and Model-3 is about 10.23 USD. The waste characterization represented waste consisting of compostable (57%), recyclable (10%), Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) (12%), earth fill (20%), and disposable material (1%). Revenue/ton of municipal solid waste was about 19.47 USD, and according to cost-benefit analysis, the cost of Model-1 was higher than the benefit. In contrast, the costs of Model-2 and Model-3 were found to be lower than the revenue/ton. However, the waste collection efficiency of Model-1 was greater than both remaining models. The study concluded that utilizing all generated waste, only 21% of waste is dumped at the landfill site. It will reduce the area required for landfill sites from 431437 to 90602 m2 for the next 10 years and increase the age of landfill sites by over 20 years. It is recommended that the reuse of municipal solid waste and implementation of the no waste to landfill model would surely save money, land, and fuel, and it will also increase the age of landfill sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the epicenter is facing transcending psychiatric problems. To assess the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being of the community of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan), a cross-sectional study design was used to find out depression and anxiety after the first wave of the pandemic. A total of 320 willing individuals participated in the study. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. Demographic information along with a semi-structured interview, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Impact of Life Event Scale-Revised, and Center of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale were used as measures. The participants of this study were bifurcated into affected (n = 151) and none affected (n = 169) on the basis of the impact of life event cut-off scores. Results: Data analysis was carried out using t-test and simple linear regression analysis. Results of t-test showed that the pandemic-affected individuals (47%) reported significantly high on the depression and anxiety scores. The verdicts from simple linear regression analysis further demonstrate a history of psychiatric illness, duration of quarantine, and impact of event predicting depression (R2 =.15, p <.001). For anxiety history of psychiatric illness, the impact of life events were significant predictors (R2 =.28, p <.001) whereas the duration of quarantine, death due to COVID-19, and Impact of Event Scale predicted the center of epidemiological studies for depression (R2.48, p <.001). The finding of the research study concluded that 47% participated individuals were affected due to the pandemic COVID-19. Conclusions: The outcome of the study further exhibits that history of previous psychiatric illness, impact of life events, death due to COVID-19, and duration of quarantine are significant predictors of depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is focused on the metals' pollution level in sediment core collected from Manora Picnic Point of Karachi coastal area Pakistan. The sediment was categorized in terms of pH, particle size, total organic carbon (TOC), calcium carbonate, and heavy metals, besides the determining the mineralogy composition of sediment. Metals were determined using proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) technique. The results of abundant and heavy metals in the sediment core indicated a significant upward enrichment, which could be the cause of discharge of industrial effluents and domestic wastewaters of Metropolitan Karachi into sea. The average geo-accumulation index values showed that sediments were moderately polluted with Co and Pb, and unpolluted for metals (Al, Ca Mg, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Ti, V, and Zn). The pollution load index values indicate an increasing trend from bottom to top, which may be due to the influence of anthropogenic sources. According to the sediment quality guidelines of United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), core sediment was heavily polluted with Ni and moderately polluted with Pb, Cu and Zn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the literature by exploring the relationship between board financial expertise and cash holding policy and further showing how this relation is moderated by multiple large shareholders (MLS). This research is based on agency theory, resource dependence, trade-off, and pecking order theory to confirm how resourceful directors screen cash holding practices. This study selects the 100 listed family firms from the emerging economy of Pakistan for the period of 2006–2017. With the use of static (random and fixed effect estimator) and dynamic (GMM) estimation techniques, this study reveals that the financial expertise of the board members has a significant negative impact on the firms' cash holding level. Further, moderating effect of MLS between board financial expertise and cash holding is significantly positive due to weak corporate governance mechanisms in family firms. Moreover, the research has implications for developing corporate governance mechanism and the management of liquid assets that corporate management might use for their benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the pollution level in sediment core collected from Sunairi Point of Karachi coastal area Pakistan. The sediment was characterized in terms of particle size, pH, total organic carbon, calcium carbonate, metals and mineralogical composition of sediments. The metals were determined using proton induced X-ray emission. It appeared from the results of grain size that sediment of core was mainly sandy in nature and neutral pH was observed throughout the core. The calcium carbonate in the core sediment seemed to be dependent on the pH outline of the sediment. The results of heavy metals in the sediment core indicated a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals with the highest concentrations found in the upper most layer sediments, may be due to anthropogenic activities, which could be the cause of upward enrichment in heavy metals. The pollution load index values, although showed no pollution, but showing an increasing trend from bottom to top in core, may be due to the influence of anthropogenic sources. The average geo-accumulation index values for sediment core showed that sediments were moderately polluted with Co and Pb. The results of sediment quality guidelines of United States Environmental Protection Agency, indicated, sediment of core was moderately polluted with Ni and Zn. It was concluded from the guidelines that heavy metals in sediment may cause danger to aquatic life. It was also inferred from the study that Sunairi Point area of Karachi coast is facing moderately metals pollution which increased with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sediment accumulation rates and age of sediments were determined using 210Pb dating method by applying constant rate of supply model of six bottom sediment cores, collected from various locations (Rehri Creek, Ghizri Creek, Korangi Creek, Manora Picnic Point, Sandspit and Sunairi Point) of Karachi coastal area of Pakistan. The results showed that an increase in accumulation rate was observed in the recent years in all the sediment cores which may be attributed to human activities and changes in patterns of water circulation. The mean values of sediment accumulation rates varied between 0.43 and 1.45 kg m−2 y−1 and the highest accumulation rates were observed in recent sediments of Manora Picnic Point (3.40 kg m−2 y−1), Korangi creek (2.88 kg m−2 y−1) and Ghizri creek (2.13 kg m−2 y−1), which may owe to the anthropogenic inputs (direct discharge of massive amount of industrial and domestic wastewaters into the sea) and addition of sediment loads by river run off during monsoon season. It was also inferred from the study that the bottom most layers of different sediment cores were estimated to be accumulated between 1889 and 1911. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental caries in adults is a public health problem. A comprehensive assessment of the association between caries and Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measures is essential for understanding how it impacts the daily life of people and for assessing their oral health needs. Methods: The survey was conducted at Rashid Latif Dental Hospital, from March-June 2019. A total of 373 adults aged 18-80 years were randomly enrolled in the study. Dental caries was the main exposure, measured clinically. The OHRQoL was measured through Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire. Caries was dichotomized and the relationship to OHRQoL was determined. Results: The results showed that 87.6% of the people presenting to the hospital had one or more carious teeth. Difficulty eating, and relaxing/sleeping were among the top reported impacts. Adults with caries showed higher odds for reporting higher oral impacts compared to those without caries. For every added carious tooth, there is 1.38 times increase in OIDP score. Conclusion: Individuals with caries were more likely to report more frequent and severe oral impacts that manifested into their daily lives through difficulty eating or relaxing. OIDP score increased linearly with increased exposure to caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is designed to investigate the impact of three different types of short term memory models on serial recall. It also aims to see the impact of these different memory models on different levels of neurological functioning. Fifty four demented patients were selected from Khyber Teaching Hospital, Lady Reading Hospital and Mental hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. Mini Mental State Examination was used for screening as well as for measuring the intensity of dementia. On the basis of these scores, patients were bifurcated into two experimental groups of an equal number portraying severe dementia and moderate dementia. The control group (n=27) was selected from the normal population having no neurological dysfunction, and was matched on the basis of age, education and socioeconomic status. In order to explore the difference among the groups t-test was used. Results indicated a significant difference among the groups, which subsequently supports the hypothesis framed for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed at an investigation of mental health of children living in orphans homes. The sample consisted of 60 subjects (both boys & girls) from different orphans homes of Peshawar & Mardan city, Pakistan. The sample was divided into three groups. Group I, included children with deceased parents, group II consisted of children whose one parent was alive but they were living in orphans homes, whereas the third group consisting of children living with their parents served as control group. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. It was hypothesized that children living in orphans homes will manifest a high number of depressive symptoms as compared to control group. It was also assumed that children with deceased parents will show more depressive symptoms as compared to children living with both parents. It was further assumed that a negative correlation will be found between self esteem and depressive symptoms of children living in orphan homes. After collecting the demographic information Children Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 2003) & Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (1965) were administered on the sample. One-way ANOVA, shows a significant difference among the three groups. Research findings support our hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which has been ascribed to be due to community carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is highly prevalent in the WHO South-East Asia region. One of the major reasons for this is the misuse of antibiotics in animal farming practices and at the community level, which threatens both human and animal health. However, this problem of antibiotic misuse in poultry farms and in respective farmers is not well studied in countries like Pakistan., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in rural Punjab to explore the current practices of antibiotic use in poultry and poultry farmers, associated factors, their healthcare-seeking behavior and biosecurity practices., Results: In the context of antibiotic use for poultry, 60% comprised of Colistin sulfate and Amoxicillin trihydrate whereas Colistin is considered as the last resort antibiotic. In addition, the significant consumption of antibiotics in poultry farms (60%) and poultry farmers (50%) was without prescription by either human health physicians or veterinarians. Most of the farms (85%) had no wastewater drainage system, which resulted in the direct shedding of poultry waste and antibiotic residue into the surrounding environment. The lack of farmers' education, professional farm training and farming experience were the most significant factors associated with antibiotic use and knowledge of AMR., Conclusion: Our study findings show that it is necessary for an integrated AMR policy with the inclusion of all poultry farmers to be educated, a mass awareness program to be undertaken and that strict antibiotic usage guidelines be available to them. Such initiatives are also important to ensure food safety and farm biosecurity practices., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Habiba, Khan, Mmbaga, Green and Asaduzzaman.)