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Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic is a colossal challenge for global health; nonetheless, specific subgroups face considerably higher risks for infection and mortality. Among patients with malignant diseases, those with hematologic neoplasms are at a higher risk for poor outcomes. The objective of this study was to register treatment modifications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and their short-term consequences in Latin America., Methods: Multicenter, prospective, observational, cohort study including patients older than 14 years from 14 centers in four countries (Mexico, Peru, Guatemala, and Panama) who had a confirmed diagnosis of acute leukemia, and who were undergoing active treatment since the first COVID-19 case in each country until the cutoff on July 15, 2020., Results: We recruited 635 patients. Treatment modifications because of the COVID-19 pandemic were reported in 40.8% of cases. The main reason for such modifications was logistic issues (55.0%) and the most frequent modification was chemotherapy delay (42.0%). A total of 13.1% patients developed COVID-19 disease, with a mortality of 37.7%. Several factors were identified as independently associated with mortality, including a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (odds ratio 2.38 [95% CI, 1.47 to 3.84]; P < .001), while the use of telemedicine was identified as a protective factor (odds ratio 0.36 [95% CI, 0.18 to 0.82]; P = .014)., Conclusion: These results highlight the collateral damage of COVID-19 in oncology patients., Competing Interests: Roberta Demichelis-GómezHonoraria: AbbVie, Novartis, Amgen, Celgene/Bristol-Myers SquibbConsulting or Advisory Role: AbbVie, Novartis, Amgen, Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb, Jazz PharmaceuticalsSpeakers' Bureau: AbbVie, Novartis, Amgen, Celgene/Bristol-Myers SquibbResearch Funding: NovartisTravel, Accommodations, Expenses: AbbVie, Novartis Jule Vasquez-ChávezTravel, Accommodations, Expenses: Janssen Nancy Delgado-LópezConsulting or Advisory Role: Amgen, PfizerSpeakers' Bureau: Bristol-Myers Squibb (Mexico), Novartis Ana Cooke-TapiaTravel, Accommodations, Expenses: Janssen Andrés Gómez-De LeónHonoraria: Novartis, AbbVieConsulting or Advisory Role: AstraZeneca, Sanofi/Aventis Luara Arana-LunaSpeakers' Bureau: Amgen, NovartisTravel, Accommodations, Expenses: Teva José Antonio De la Peña-CelayaConsulting or Advisory Role: Janssen-Cilag, RocheSpeakers' Bureau: Janssen-Cilag, Roche, Novartis, Asofarma, Celgene/Bristol-Myers SquibbTravel, Accommodations, Expenses: Roche Eleazar Hernández-RuizSpeakers' Bureau: RocheResearch Funding: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Amgen, Roche Juan Manuel Pérez-ZúñigaConsulting or Advisory Role: Roche, Takeda, Bayer, Sanofi, Novo NordiskSpeakers' Bureau: Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb (Mexico), Novartis, AmgenResearch Funding: AstraZeneca David Gómez-AlmaguerConsulting or Advisory Role: Celgene, Janssen, TakedaSpeakers' Bureau: Bristol-Myers Squibb (Mexico), AbbVie, Novartis, Janssen, AmgenNo other potential conflicts of interest were reported.