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The article focuses on the Chikungunya outbreak in Paraguay from 2022 to 2023. It also highlighting the high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly among older adults, individuals with comorbidities and neonates and emphasizes the importance of prevention measures and preparedness to control the spread of the virus;.

The article focuses on the social conditions of Indigenous Peoples of Paraguay. Topics discussed include COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the health of Indigenous communities; indigenous people on the street, suffering extreme violence and sexual exploitation; and the issues of human rights violations in the country.

Summary: Paraguay has registered no human cases of rabies since 2004, and the last case in dogs, reported in 2009, was due to a variant maintained in the common vampire bat “Desmodus rotundus”. In 2014, a dog was diagnosed as positive for rabies with aggression towards a boy and all required measures of control were successfully adopted. Epidemiological investigation revealed that the dog was not vaccinated and had been attacked by a crab‐eating fox, “zorro” (Cerdocyon thous). The sample was diagnosed by the Official Veterinary Service of the Country and sent to the Center on Rabies Research from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, for antigenic and genetic characterization. A second sample from a dog positive for rabies in the same region in 2015 and 11 samples from a rabies outbreak from Asuncion in 1996 were also characterized. The antigenic profile of the samples, AgV2, was compatible with one of the variants maintained by dogs in Latin America. In genetic characterization, the samples segregated in the canine (domestic and wild species)‐related group in an independent subgroup that also included samples from Argentina. These results and the epidemiology of the case indicate that even with the control of rabies in domestic animals, the virus can still circulate in wildlife and may be transmitted to domestic animals and humans, demonstrating the importance of continuous and improved surveillance and control of rabies, including in wild species, to prevent outbreaks in controlled areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the indigenous peoples of Paraguay during 2017, particularly focusing on the denial of rights from various institutions designed to guarantee such rights.

The article presents an overview on the political and economic condition in Paraguay. Topics mentioned include the increase number of indigenous populations inhabits the Eastern region, the diversity and cultural wealth of the country and the structural discrimination by the state and by non-indigenous society.

Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Objective: Report preliminary results of the application of the BONIS system in community tele-epidemiological surveillance in Paraguay., Methods: A study of viability and implementation carried out in the Family Health Unit located in Bañado Sur in the city of Asunción by the Paraguay River. The system automatically records personal data and symptoms of individuals who make telephone reports, and suspected cases of dengue are classified and prioritized. This information goes to community agents for follow-up and to specialists in charge of epidemiological surveillance., Results: From April 2010 to August 2011, 1 028 calls to the system were logged. Of 157 reported cases of fever, home visits were made to 140 (89.2%); of these, fever and headache or body ache were confirmed in 52 (37.1%) cases, and headache or body ache without fever in 58 (41.4%) cases. Community agents referred 49 (35.0%) of them for medical consultation and blood tests, and they took blood samples in the homes of 19; of these, 56 (82.3%) were positive for dengue and 12 (17.4%) for influenza., Conclusions: Paraguay has a low-cost community tele-epidemiological surveillance system based on information and communication technologies and open-source software, which is scalable to other health symptoms and disorders of interest. To enable its acceptance and application, education programs should be developed to strengthen the management and promotion of community health.

Between March 1987 and November 1989 a cross-sectional serological survey was conducted on 884 residents of Paraguay to obtain data on the prevalence of antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus type I/II (HTLV-I/II). Sera from 8/884 individuals (0.9%) were positive, confirmed by Western blotting and radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA). This study shows that HTLV-I/II is very rare (or absent) among the general (healthy) population (0/338) and ethnic Japanese (0/227) in Paraguay. However, it can be detected at a rate of 2-3% in prostitutes (4/178) and homosexuals (4/117), suggesting sexual transmission as an important route for spread of HTLV-I/II in Paraguay.