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This research contributes to discussions about social inequality in school choices in two ways. First, educational choices include the multitude of options families may consider, including choosing a home in a particular area and home-schooling. Decision-making is considered not at a single point in time, but over children's educational careers. Second, this research explores school choices across school district boundaries to include school choices in suburban and rural, as well as urban districts. I use data from a random sample of families with school-aged children living in the Philadelphia Metropolitan area (including some counties in New Jersey) and other counties throughout Pennsylvania to explore the options that families consider for their children's schooling. The data paint a picture of two constellations of families: those who are white, suburban, and middle-income (who primarily select schools based on their neighborhoods and residences), and those composed of lower-income and urban families of color (who rely more on non-neighborhood school options). The differences between these predispositions toward choice suggest that the expanded school choice policies of urban school districts will have little influence on overall school inequality because of the tendency of white, suburban middle-class families to choose public schools in their relatively privileged, suburban neighborhoods. (Contains 2 tables and 1 note.)

The article focuses on the changing racial composition of schools in the U.S. and its effect on the perceived quality of schools from 1999 to 2012, with a focus on the metropolitan area of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The authors explore the impact of moderate changes in the representation of black students in U.S. schools during the time frame of four to five years. The authors discuss the role of racial threat theory relating to their research findings. The authors contend that despite the current conditions of the schools, including changes in school safety, standardizes test scores and school poverty, that white neighborhood residents tend to perceive a reduction of the quality of their schools.