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Anthracene (ANT) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that is abundantly found in the soil of industrial areas. ANT-contaminated soils are a major concern in industrial zones causing serious environmental and health problems. This research aims to remediate ANT-contaminated soil using ultrasonic irradiation. An industrial zone located in the southern part of Iran, was selected as the case study. The concentration of ANT, ultrasonic power, process time, and water content of soil (water volume) were selected as operational parameters. Based on the authors' best information, this study is pioneering in its exploration of the simultaneous effects of the involved operational parameters, including their antagonistic and synergistic interactions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to model the remediation process and predict the removal efficiency. The developed model was used to determine the optimal values of operational parameters to achieve the highest removal efficiency. The results indicated a high synergistic effect between ultrasonic power and water volume. Increasing the water volume from 100 to 250 ml while maintaining the power level at 100 W led to an enhancement in removal efficiency, with values progressing from 39 to 60%. A quadratic equation (a statistical model) was found to be suitable for fitting the data or describing the variations associated with the resulting removal efficiency. The determined optimum conditions were an ultrasonic power of 163 W, a water volume of 225 ml per 100 g of soil, an ANT concentration of 315 mg/kg, and a process time of 0.8 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]