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, , 463-471. (). A qualitative and quantitative histological study was made of the pulmonary trunk and muscular pulmonary arteries of a male and a pregnant female llama born and living at an altitude of 4,720 m above sea-level in the Peruvian Andes. A similar study was made on the fetal llama. The individual cardiac chambers of the two adults were weighed. Our results show that in the adult llama there is no hypertrophy of the right ventricle or of the media of the pulmonary trunk or small pulmonary arteries. This appears to be of evolutionary significance in respect of survival at high altitude and suggests that the llama does not have a sustained significant pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary arteries of the fetal llama are thick-walled and we associate this with the physiological pulmonary hypertension of fetal life. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

, , 701-708. Pathological data on chronic mountain sickness are scarce due to the fact that the disease is ameliorated or cured by descent to a low altitude. In this report we describe a case of chronic mountain sickness occurring in a woman of 48 years at Cerro de Pasco (4,300 m above sea level). The necropsy findings are compared with the limited pathological observations reported by others. It is apparent from our findings that in fatal cases the main changes are located within the pulmonary circulation. So far histological studies have been reported only in cases of the secondary form of chronic mountain sickness. The basic pathology of the primary form (Monge's disease) remains to be defined. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Molecular tests allow the detection of high-risk human papillomavirus in cervical samples, playing an important role in the prevention of cervical cancer., Objectives: We performed a study to determine the prevalence of HPV 16, HPV 18 and other high-risk human papillomavirus (pool 12 genotypes) in Peruvian females from diverse urban areas using the cobas 4800 HPV test., Methods: Routine cervical samples collected in our laboratory were analyzed by cobas 4800 HPV test., Results: A total of 2247 samples from female patients aged 17-79 years were tested. high-risk human papillomavirus was positive in 775 (34.49%) samples. Of these, 641 (82.71%) were single infections and 134 (17.29%) were multiple infections. The positivity rates for HPV 16, HPV 18, and other high-risk human papillomavirus were 10.77%, 2.0%, and 28.08%, respectively. In multiple high-risk human papillomavirus infections, the concomitance of HPV 16 and other high-risk human papillomavirus was more prevalent (13.42%)., Conclusion: Our study showed high prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus in urban Peru, mainly among young women. In both single and multiple infections other high-risk human papillomavirus were more prevalent than HPV 16 and HPV 18, which might influence vaccine impact in our country. Furthermore, the cobas 4800 HPV test may be considered a useful tool for HPV molecular diagnosis., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To determine the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma in a population of middle and high socio-economic status in Lima, Peru, between 1985 and 2002., Material and Methods: The prevalence of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma was determined after studying by esophagogastroduodenoscopy 31,446 patients at the Policlínico Peruano Japonds (PPJ) between 1985 and 2002. All patients had chronic upper gastrointestinal symptoms and had endoscopically proven diagnosis of active peptic ulcer or histological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma., Results: Analysis of PPJ population identified a decrease in the prevalence of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer from 3.15% and 5.05% respectively in 1985, to 1.62% and 2.00% respectively in 2002. Gastric adenocarcinoma prevalence also decreased from 3.19% in 1988 to 0.92% in 2002. The prevalences of gastric ulcer (OR = 1.49, 95% IC 1.26-1.77, p < 0.001), duodenal ulcer (OR = 1.32, 95% IC 1.15-1.51, p < 0.001) and gastric adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.53, 95% IC 1.25-1.86, p < 0.001), decreased in the last eight years., Conclusions: Over the study period, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma at the Policlinico Peruano Japonés, where patients from middle and high socio economic status are attended.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in native Peruvians and Japaneses residing in Peru., Methods: Prospective study carried out at "Policlinico Peruano-Japonés" (Lima-Perú). We included Peruvians and Japaneses residing in Peru with chronic symptoms of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Both groups were from medium to high socioeconomic status. We excluded patients with peptic ulcer. PCR, rapid ureasa test and IgG ELISA were used to diagnose the infection., Results: We evaluated 168 Japaneses (mean age 54.6 +/- 12.62 years, 75% female), and 161 Peruvians (mean age of 42.12 +/- 14.48 years, 61.5% female). Using the rapid ureasa test, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Peruvians was 47.8%, and in Japaneses 47.0% (p=0.88). Using PCR, in Peruvians was 49.7% and in Japaneses 43.5% (p=0.28)., Conclusion: Peruvians and Japaneses residing in Peru have a similar prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, after controlling factors such as socioeconomic status and age, suggesting that in Peru and in these ethnic groups, there is no racial predisposition to acquire the infection.