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Background: Child development is a complex biological, psychological, and emotional process. Timely screening for developmental delay allows early interventions. Therefore, this study sought to assess the frequency and characteristics of developmental delay in children < 5 years of age who attended the Pediatric Rehabilitation Service of a referral hospital in Peru. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. Information was collected from medical records of children < 5 years of age who attended between April and September 2022 at the Rebagliati Hospital's Pediatric Rehabilitation Service. The REBA-PED Child Developmental Assessment Profile was used for the developmental assessment, which allows to identify the degree of delay in each area (gross motor, fine motor, hearing and language, intelligence and learning, and personal-social) and the presence of warning signs. Results: Of 226 children who attended the service, 49.1% were between 3 and 5 years old, 57.1% were female, only 3.1% were referred for suspected developmental delay, and none had had a previous developmental assessment. Among the children evaluated, 12.4% had a simple developmental delay, 19.5% had a significant developmental delay, and 53.5% had a global developmental delay. In addition, 70.8% presented a warning sign of developmental delay. Hearing and language (86.8%) and intelligence and learning (83.5%) areas had a higher frequency of significant developmental delay. Conclusions: We found a high frequency of developmental delay in the children assessed, predominantly in hearing and language. Although all the children were referred, none had had a previous developmental assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Analyze malnutrition and anemia trends in Peruvian children under 5 years of age and their association with determinants in the 2000-2011 period. Methods. Nutritional indicators for children under 5 years of age from the 2011 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES), and their evolution based on data from the 2000, 2005, and 2008 ENDES, were analyzed. Chronic malnutrition (CM) (height/age ≤ 2 SD), acute malnutrition (AM), (height/weight ≤ 2 SD), and anemia trends were estimated. Associations were found with factors such as sex, age, area of residence (urban or rural), region of residence, mother's education, wealth quintile, availability of public water system, sewer availability, altitude, presence of other children in household, birth order, presence of diarrhea in previous 15 days, and presence of cough in previous 15 days. Results. AM, CM, and anemia in Peruvian children under 5 years of age decreased from 2000-2011. This reduction was not uniform for the three conditions, with decreases of 1.1% to 0.4% recorded for AM, 31.6% to 19.6% for CM, and 50.4% to 30.7% for anemia. Although the factors analyzed were related to the prevalence of these three illnesses, calculation of the adjusted odds ratios showed significant differences for CM (mother's education, Sierra region, altitude greater than 2 500 m above sea level, presence of two or more children in household, and being the third or successive child) and anemia (child sex [higher in males], children under 2 years of age, Resto de costa region and Selva region, altitude greater than 2 500 m above sea level, availability of public water system, sewer availability, presence of two or more children in household, and presence of diarrhea within 15 days prior to the survey). For AM, differences were observed according to some factors but they were not significant in the adjusted model. Conclusions. In the 2000-2011 period, Peru achieved reduction of its CM, AM, and anemia rates. AM rates decreased to almost one-third, with overall figures remaining fairly low, and affecting to a greater extent highly localized areas and groups of the country. However, the current rates of chronic malnutrition and anemia continue to be very high, which represents a true challenge for public policy, as occurs in other countries of the region. In order to overcome this challenge it will be necessary to change the approach, no longer conceiving of child malnutrition exclusively as a nutritional problem and instead placing greater emphasis on the related determinants. Finally, comprehensive and integrated initiatives should be encouraged and strengthened in the poorest communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the impact on child development of a group intervention with mothers and their eight-month-old babies from a marginal urban district of Lima. The groups, control and treatment, were randomized and child development was assessed before and after with the BSID-II. The intervention had a general positive impact in the children's development, but no significant differences were found between both groups in the Mental Development Index or the Psychomotor Development Index. There was a significant effect (p < .05) in two of the BSID-II Behavioral Scale factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Determine levels of lead and other health problems in children under 10 years living in communities Quiulacocha and Champamarca, Pasco. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in September 2005. We included all children from both communities living near mining waste. Standardized measurement of lead levels and blood hemoglobin and the evaluation of anthropometric and psychomotor development. Results: We did the measurement of lead levels and blood hemoglobin and the evaluation of anthropometric and psychomotor development. Results: The prevalence of lead poisoning (Pb> 10 mg/dL) was 84.7%, the average plumbemia was 15.79 ± 4.85 mg/dL (range: 6.17- 34.53 mg/dL) . The majority (55.8%) of children of both communities was chronically malnourished, 23.0% had anemia, 5.9% had mental retardation. Quiulacocha and Champamarca children had a normal psychomotor growth in 79.2% and 85.4%, respectively. Conclusions. Four out of five children of these communities has lead intoxication. The mine tailing are a source of lead pollution on children living in surrounding areas, interventions must be made in these communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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