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Unlabelled: Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is a chromosomal anomaly syndrome characterized by multiple congenital malformations, including cleft palate and cardiac anomalies. Many patients have attention-deficit (hyperactivity) disorders (AD[H]D) in childhood and schizophrenia in adulthood. We reviewed cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with particular attention to the head of the caudate nucleus and found that in control subjects, the head of the caudate was larger on the left than on the right, whereas VCFS patients showed a reversed right > left pattern or no significant asymmetry. A similar right > left asymmetry or a lack of this asymmetry has been reported in patients with AD(H)D.Conclusions: These results suggest a common pathophysiological mechanism of behavioural and cognitive problems in patients with AD(H)D and those with VCFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]