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The self-system model of motivational development was used in this study to examine whether and how student motivation and self-assessment practices--as psychological and behavioural mechanisms, respectively--link need-supportive teaching to students' objective achievement scores in English language learning. We applied a multilevel mediation analysis on Rasch-calibrated data from 796 students (53% females; mean age = 14.12, SD = 1.51) nested within 30 classes (mean class size = 26.53) in a secondary school in the Philippines. We collected all predictor variables (i.e. need-supportive teaching, motivation, self-assessment practice) in time 1, while achievement scores were collected eight weeks later (time 2). Lower-level mediation results show that students' perceptions of involved teaching and structured teaching are associated with higher controlled motivation and autonomous motivation. Furthermore, only autonomous motivation was associated with higher achievement in time 2. Self-assessment practice significantly mediated the link between both controlled and autonomous motivation to achievement. These results held while controlling for age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Hence, involved teaching and structured teaching correlated with higher motivation and increased self-assessment practice, which, in turn, leads to higher achievement in English language learning. The findings highlight that motivation and self-assessment practices are psychological and behavioural pathways that can theoretically and empirically explain how need-supportive teaching practices impact student achievement in a specific subject. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

The self-system model of motivational development was used in this study to examine whether and how student motivation and self-assessment practices—as psychological and behavioural mechanisms, respectively—link need-supportive teaching to students' objective achievement scores in English language learning. We applied a multilevel mediation analysis on Rasch-calibrated data from 796 students (53% females; mean age = 14.12, SD = 1.51) nested within 30 classes (mean class size = 26.53) in a secondary school in the Philippines. We collected all predictor variables (i.e. need-supportive teaching, motivation, self-assessment practice) in time 1, while achievement scores were collected eight weeks later (time 2). Lower-level mediation results show that students' perceptions of involved teaching and structured teaching are associated with higher controlled motivation and autonomous motivation. Furthermore, only autonomous motivation was associated with higher achievement in time 2. Self-assessment practice significantly mediated the link between both controlled and autonomous motivation to achievement. These results held while controlling for age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Hence, involved teaching and structured teaching correlated with higher motivation and increased self-assessment practice, which, in turn, leads to higher achievement in English language learning. The findings highlight that motivation and self-assessment practices are psychological and behavioural pathways that can theoretically and empirically explain how need-supportive teaching practices impact student achievement in a specific subject. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assessment is fundamental to self-regulated learning; however, instruments to measure self-assessment practices are limited to a few developed educational systems. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Self-assessment Practice Scale (SaPS) in the English language subject using data from 778 secondary school students from the Philippines. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis to test the SaPS' within-network validity, then bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling (SEM) for between-network validity. The CFA supported the scale's four-factor structure, and the Rasch analysis supported the scale's dimensionality, rating scale effectiveness, and item fit statistics. The four SaPS subscales were positively correlated to agentic, cognitive, and metacognitive engagement. SEM results show that all SaPS factors (except self-monitoring) had significant associations to the engagement outcomes. This study highlights the sound psychometric properties of SaPS in a new educational context and its applicability as a subject-specific measure of assessment-as-learning strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]