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Purpose: Short-term rental is one of the forms of rental that has become extremely popular in recent decades. Perceiving residential real estate also through the prism of possible benefits from renting has enabled real estate owners to compete with organized services provided by hotel facilities. The article aims to analyze the supply of the short-term rental market in selected large Polish cities about the offer of hotel services. Design/methodology/approach: The offer of short-term rental apartments was analyzed based on the data of active real estate properties published on the Airbnb portal over 12 months, i.e., from October 2021 to September 2022. Data from the Statistics Office and the Ministry of Tourism and Sports were used. Findings: The analysis showed that large Polish cities are similar in terms of the structure and quality of short-term rental supply and do not differ from the trends typical of large cities around the world. Large cities in Poland usually offered small, autonomous, and well-equipped facilities where you could stay for any number of days, and which were available at attractive prices - often lower than the prices of rooms in even the highest standard hotels. Research limitations/implications: Short-term rental offers should be monitored not only because of their competitiveness in the hotel industry but also because of the possibility of changes in the functional structure of large cities. Originality/value: In the face of changes in the world, alternative services that were not so popular until recently may become increasingly important for the global economy. The article may be of interest to entrepreneurs from the hotel industry, users, and providers of booking platforms, as well as researchers of the sharing economy phenomena. The originality of the publication lies in its approach to booking platforms as an alternative to classic hotel services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the work detailed here was to identify directions of population change characterising Poland's largest cities in the years 1980-2020. The temporal scope of the analysis involves the last decade of the country's communist era (1980-1989) and the subsequent period of transition. The cities involved were Warsaw, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań and Gdańsk. This paper is analytical and descriptive, with the index method and Webb's typology deployed. Population change was described in terms of the relative population index and growth rate, while reference was also made to rate of natural increase and migration balance. Webb's dynamic diagram was used to depict directions of population change, in a modification permitting that change over time to be indicated. Population structure was analysed by identifying "surpluses" in the shares of overall population accounted for by people in particular age groups. This method, approached separately for males and females, makes comparisons - and seeks divergences - with the average shares for population in different age groups noted for Poland as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to present variability in the population of individual size classes of Polish cities in 1950-2018, its determinants and consequences for the formation of the settlement system. The application of quartiles as the basic statistical measure allowed identifying which parts of particular size classes of cities had the greatest impact (progressively or regressively) on changes in the settlement system. In this respect, strong dynamics of the upper quartile of Polish cities, lasting until the end of the 1970s, becomes apparent. In the 1980s, the dynamics of the upper quartile of large cities showed a shift during development waves in comparison to the culmination of these waves for medium-sized cities. However, since the end of the 1980s, there has been an increasing role of the lower quartile in determining the direction of changes in the size structure of cities, especially in medium and small cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The primary aim of the study was to identify the process of territorial expansion and spatial development in large cities of Poland exemplified by Wrocław, Warsaw and Cracow. This denoted the gathering of information on changes in administrative boundaries as well as population in the cities referred to - from the 13th century all the way through to modern times. The research hypothesis adopted was that cities expand their territories gradually, with each extension of administrative boundaries following a specific pattern and reflecting social and economic growth. The territorial development of a city (territorial change) thus relates to growth (change) in the administrative area, often in the form of expansion in relation to a widening of administrative boundaries, but with narrowing also possible. The spatial development of the city in turn follows the development of urbanised (especially built-up) areas both within the boundaries - and in the immediate vicinity - of the given city (with the development of suburban areas taking place). The latter does not usually result in a change of administrative boundaries. The study was inspired by observations on the specific nature of territorial growth in Wrocław and other large cities in Poland, for which analysis revealed some regularities to the settlement processes during different historical periods. Firstly, changes in the administrative boundaries of large cities followed a pulsatile pattern, with consecutive modifications alternating with periods of stability of variable length. Secondly, the territorial expansion of a city usually came after a period of dynamic social and economic growth both within existing boundaries and in the surrounding zone connected closely with the city and transformed under its influence. In turn, most longer periods in which boundaries were stable corresponded to periods of social and economic stagnation in the given city. Thirdly, the boundaries of cities changed when a certain climax point of population density was exceeded, and the city could no longer grow within its existing boundaries. Each extension contributed to an increase in the administered area and to population growth, albeit with population density decreasing considerably - in statistical terms - given the incorporation of new, less-urbanised areas offering free (potential) land for further urban growth. Fourthly, the sequence of development processes and their specific repeatability are cyclical in nature, and consecutive cycles are seen to end successive stages involving the extension of cities' administrative boundaries. A single cycle of changes in the administrative boundaries of the city consists of five basic phases. Phase I is the initial phase, which takes place at the moment of foundation of a city, or in the case of subsequent cycles - when there is extension of the city limits. During phase II the number of residents and population density within the city borders increase as a result of socio-economic growth. During phase III population density within the city boundaries continues to increase, and after reaching the limit of its growth potential the city sprawls to the nearest neighbourhood. During phase IV the impact of the city on its neighbourhood stimulates further development of the suburbs. This process may also often encompass suburban villages or smaller towns strongly connected with the city. During phase V the functional link between the city and its neighbourhood (suburbs) is so strong that the administrative boundaries are extended to include suburban areas that represent a natural extension of the city. This contributes to an increase in area and population growth, as well as to a major decrease in population density within the new boundaries. This phase is at the same time the initial phase for the next cycle of a city's spatial and territorial development. The above described cyclical pattern of territorial growth concerns a specific group of cities - monocentric regional centres developing as a result of the influence of centripetal forces in the physicalism and functional approach. The presented research also reveals that the territorial development of a city is not always consistent with the actual directions of its spatial development. Significant extension of administrative boundaries was typical in the 20th c. in large cities of Poland and other CEECs, and particularly common in the era of their centrally-planned economies, with a focus on planned urbanisation and industrialisation. Currently, cities in this region have entered a phase of dynamic suburbanisation that contributes to the significant development of urban areas, especially around large cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to verify the hypothesis that the rapid metropolization process that has been taking place in large Polish cities since the beginning of the second phase of post-communist transition in 2000 leads to their socio-economic diversity, which is manifested, among others, in the differentiation of the level and structure of crime. Introduced into the discourse of this paper are subsequent stages of metropolization, which are called potential, initiating, advanced, and mature and which the examined cities have achieved so far. These stages have led to various economic and social effects, which resulted in changes in the level and structure of crime. Eighteen core cities of functional urban areas (FUAs) according to the classification ESPON 2007, were adopted as case study objects. Averaged crime data for the period 2013–2017 were analyzed in total and for seven types of crimes. The obtained results confirmed the adopted hypothesis. • The post-communist transition started the rapid metropolization of large cities. • Metropolization generally resulted in Poland since 2000 in a decrease in total crime. • Metropolization has reached different stages in individual cities: embryonic, initial and advanced. • In the initial stage, crime increased, especially against property, and traffic. • In the advanced stage, crime decreased, especially against freedom, and against life and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]