1. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and naturally fermented beetroot juices from organic and conventional production: metabolomics, antioxidant levels and anticancer activity.
- Author
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Kazimierczak R, Hallmann E, Lipowski J, Drela N, Kowalik A, Püssa T, Matt D, Luik A, Gozdowski D, and Rembiałkowska E
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma metabolism, Adenocarcinoma prevention & control, Anticarcinogenic Agents metabolism, Antioxidants metabolism, Apoptosis, Ascorbic Acid analysis, Ascorbic Acid metabolism, Beta vulgaris growth & development, Beta vulgaris metabolism, Beta vulgaris microbiology, Beverages microbiology, Beverages standards, Cell Line, Tumor, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Fermentation, Flavonoids analysis, Flavonoids metabolism, Food Inspection methods, Food, Organic microbiology, Food, Organic standards, Humans, Phenols analysis, Phenols metabolism, Plant Roots growth & development, Plant Roots metabolism, Plant Roots microbiology, Poland, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Stomach Neoplasms metabolism, Stomach Neoplasms prevention & control, Anticarcinogenic Agents analysis, Antioxidants analysis, Beta vulgaris chemistry, Beverages analysis, Food, Organic analysis, Metabolome, Plant Roots chemistry
- Abstract
Background: The aim of the paper was to determine the level of antioxidants and metabolomic fingerprinting in both raw beetroots and naturally fermented beetroot juices from organic (ORG) versus conventional (CONV) production. In addition, the anticancer properties of the fermented beetroot juices were evaluated., Results: The obtained results showed that ORG fresh beetroots contained significantly more dry matter, vitamin C and some individual phenolic compounds than CONV beetroots. The content of total phenolic acids was significantly higher in CONV beetroots compared with the ORG ones. The level of flavonoids was similar in ORG and CONV beetroots. There were only slight differences in the chemical composition of ORG and CONV beetroot juices. Metabolomic analysis provided a possibility to distinguish clearly between ORG and CONV fermented beetroot juices. However, this method was less useful in the case of fresh whole beetroots. It was found that anticancer activity was stronger in the case of ORG fermented juices when compared with CONV ones., Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that ORG- and CONV-produced beetroots and fermented beetroot juices have different chemical properties and different impacts on cancer cells. It is necessary to continue research on this topic in order to confirm and understand the achieved results., (© 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.)
- Published
- 2014
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