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During the study years, the European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) females began depositing eggs on maize plants between the last ten days of June and the first ten days of July. A maximum number of eggs on plants was found at the beginning of the second ten days of July and at the beginning of the third ten days of July. The last egg clusters were recorded in August. During the five years of the study period, the female oviposition period lasted from 4.5 to 8 weeks. The shortest oviposition period took place during the warm and dry years, while the longest period was during the rainy and relatively cold years. During the study years, within the entire flight period, O. nubilalis females deposited from 1,564 to 3,393 eggs on 200 observed plants. The average number of eggs per cluster in the study years was from 10.0 to 15.2. The beginning of caterpillar hatching, based on the observation of empty egg clusters, was recorded in the last ten days of June or in the first and second ten days of July. Mass hatching of the caterpillars was observed in the second and third ten days of July, and only in 2004 was it in the first ten days of August. The last empty egg clusters were recorded in the second and in the third ten days of August. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted in the 2006-2008 time period, in Nienadówka near Rzeszów, Poland (50°11' N, 22°06' E). The high suitability of light traps for the monitoring of Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. moth flights on maize fields was shown. These light traps were compared to the pheromone types of traps; the "delta" model, and the "funnel" with a pheromone dispenser containing Z-11-tetradecenyl acetate (series ONC036A and ONC048A/107). In the light trap, the first moths were found in the second decade or third decade of June. The population peak was in the first decade or second decade of July, and the end of the flight in August. In September 2007 and 2008, single O. nubilalis moths collected in the light trap indicated the presence of a small second pest generation. The first male moths were captured in the pheromone traps in the third decade of June or the first decade of July, with a slightly marked population peak in the first or second decade of July. The moth flight ended in the last decade of July. The first egg clusters of O. nubilalis were usually recorded 4-7 days after the first moths were found in the light trap. In the pheromone traps, the first male O. nubilalis individuals were usually found a few days following the oviposition of the first pest egg clusters, except in 2006, when the moths presence was observed in the field 2-3 days before the first eggs were found on maize plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) origins from East Asia. In Europe, it was recorded for the first time in 2007, and in Poland in 2012. By the end of 2020, it was found all over Poland. There are no published data on the range of C. perspectalis occurrence in Poland because it is not a quarantine pest in the European Union and is not subject to official monitoring. Data collected in 2018–2020 via a website dedicated to monitoring, for the first time, illustrate the current range and its largest concentrations in southern and central Poland. The monitoring confirmed that the main directions of the invasion are related to the main communication routes of Poland (south-north) and are of a long-distance character. The dispersal pattern corresponds to the model developed for Cameraria ohridella: a stratified dispersal model that considers long-distance road/rail transport. The second important factor contributing to the invasion of C. perspectalis are large human communities enabling rapid local dispersion (a diffusion model). Comparing its invasion with the monitoring data from 2007–2013 of two other invasive pests of Poland: Ostrinia nubilalis and Diabrotica virgifera, shows that a diffusion model best describes the spatial spread of these pests only to uninhabited neighboring areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]