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Theodor Ballaban was born in 1866 and died in 1941. He was distinguished Polish ophthalmologist, a brigadier general with a degree of doctor of medical sciences obtained in Lviv, a social worker and the author of many works on ophthalmology. His son--Karol, who was an ophthalmologist, too, was murdered in Katyn in 1940. Theodor Ballaban described a medical case of central retinal vein occlusion, emphasizing that lack of spontaneous venous pulsation is a core sign of occlusion. Subsequent research confirmed this fact. The subjects of his other works were neuro-ophthalmology, ocular anatomy and ocular disease treatment methods.

Tobacco smoke is important pathogenetic agent of stomach digestive and duodenum ulcers, oesophagitis as well as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The aim of work was the assessment of urinary nicotine metabolites concentration in children and teenagers diagnosed and treated in Paediatrics Chair of Medical University of Silesia by chronic stomach pains, or oesophagitis and gastrooesophageal reflux disease symptoms. Urine was sampled from 54 persons before gastrofiberoscopy, in which the main nicotine metabolites concentration was determined by ELISA method and given per creatinine concentration. It was shown, that 30% of examined population was intensively exposed to tobacco smoke (actively or passively smoking), but 37% passively exposed to nicotine. Significant higher nicotine metabolites concentration was stated in the currently H. pylori infected sick, however without differences of these biomarkers concentrations between group with oesophagis in endoscopy as well as histopathologic examination and group without these features.