1. Over 10 years with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator - a long term follow-up of 60 patients.
- Author
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Sterliński M, Przybylski A, Gepner K, Syska P, Maciag A, Lewandowski M, Kowalik I, Pytkowski M, Sitkowska-Rysiak E, Lichomski J, Szwed H, and Sadowski Z
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Defibrillators, Implantable statistics & numerical data, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Poland, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Analysis, Tachycardia, Ventricular etiology, Time Factors, Ventricular Fibrillation etiology, Coronary Artery Disease therapy, Death, Sudden, Cardiac prevention & control, Defibrillators, Implantable adverse effects, Equipment Failure Analysis, Tachycardia, Ventricular mortality, Ventricular Fibrillation mortality
- Abstract
Background: Transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) have been implanted in Poland since 1995. As the method spreads it is important to consider its long-term benefits and disadvantages., Aim: To assess survival, efficacy and complication rate in ICD patients, who received the device more than ten years earlier., Methods: Retrospective analysis of 60 ICD patients implanted between 1995-1999., Results: There were 42 (70%) males, mean age 50.6 ± 16.4 years. In 59 patients ICD was implanted for sudden cardiac death (SCD) secondary prevention. Thirty eight patients (34 M, 63.3%) had coronary artery disease (CAD). The CAD was diagnosed in 89.5% of males and 10.5% of females (p〈 0.0001). Mean follow-up time was 75.4 ± 34.7 months. During this time 22 patients died (37%, 19 M, 3 F). Three deaths were SCD. Mean one-year mortality was 6.7%. Deaths were more frequent among males: 45.2% vs 16.7%, p〈 0.005. In CAD mortality was higher than in non-CAD patients (50% vs 13.6%, p〈 0.005). Appropriate ICD discharges in the ventricular fibrillation (VF) zone occurred in 35 (58%) patients, and in ventricular tachycardia (VT) zone - in 26 (43%) patients. Mean intervention rate per year was 3.7 for VF and 0.6 for VT. Complications occurred in 27 (45%) patients and 5 (8%) of them had no ICD intervention during follow-up. In 5 patients more than one complication was diagnosed. There were inappropriate discharges in 15 (25%) patients, 11 (18%) had electrical storm, and ICD-related infections were noted in 3 (5%) patients. During the perioperative period, lead revisions were done in 4 patients; in 3 with discharges induced by T-wave oversensing and in one with lead dislocation. Four cases of lead failure occurred during follow-up, requiring new lead implantation. In 4 patients, electrical storm (3 patients) and supraventricular tachycardia with ICD discharges (1 patient) were treated with radiofrequency ablation. Only 10 (17%) patients did not demonstrate any ICD interventions or ICD-related complications., Conclusions: 1. ICD interventions caused by malignant ventricular arrhythmias occurred in 75% patients with the device implanted more than 10 years earlier. 2. Almost a half of the analysed population suffered from complications and side effects related to implanted ICD and they were present in 8% of subjects without ICD intervention. Neither ICD interventions nor device-related adverse events were recorded in 17% of patients.
- Published
- 2010