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A genomic-based polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic status and biotechnological and ecological potential of a Streptomyces strain, isolate SF28 T , that was recovered from the litter layer in a Polish Pinus sylvestris forest. The isolate had morphological characteristics and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with its classification in the genus Streptomyces. It formed long straight chains of spores with smooth surfaces, contained LL-diaminopimelic acid, glucose and ribose in whole-organism hydrolysates, produced major proportions of straight, iso- and anteiso- fatty acids, hexa- and octa-hydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units and had a polar lipid pattern composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, glycophospholipids and three uncharacterized components. Phylogenetic trees prepared using 16S rRNA gene and multilocus gene sequences of conserved housekeeping genes showed that the isolate formed a branch that was loosely associated with the type strains of several validly published Streptomyces species. A draft genome generated for the isolate was rich in natural product-biosynthetic gene clusters with the potential to produce new specialised metabolites, notably antibiotics, and stress related genes which provide an insight into how it may have become adapted to the harsh conditions that prevail in acidic forest soils. A phylogenomic tree based on the genomes of the isolate and its phylogenetic neighbours confirmed that it formed a distinct lineage well separated from its closest evolutionary relatives. The isolate shared low average nucleotide identity and digital DNA:DNA hybridization values with its phylogenomic neighbours and was also distinguished from them using a combination of cultural and micromorphological properties. Given this wealth of taxonomic data it is proposed that isolate SF28 T (= DSM 113360  T  = PCM 3163  T ) be classified in the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces pinistramenti sp. nov. The isolate showed pronounced antimicrobial activity, especially against fungal plant pathogens., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)