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Morphological analysis of the frontal sinuses (FS) is one of the methods used to assess the sex of human remains. Depending on the methods, the results indicate the effectiveness of using the FS in the assessment of sex at the level of 60-85.9%. Our goal was to determine whether the morphological and morphometric methods of sex assessment based on the FS can be used for examining historical populations in anthropological studies. We assessed FS both morphologically and morphometrically on a sample of 76 dry skulls (41 females and 35 males) from 17th-18th century form Poland to evaluate the potential of applying this method for sex estimation in human remains. A total of 76 X-rays were taken in both frontal and lateral views. The morphology and morphometry of the FS were assessed with ImageJ software. There were no significant differences between the sexes in assessing the outline of the upper border of the FS, as well as the number of partial septa. There was a statistically significant difference between the sexes in the width of the right FS, the height of the right and left FS, and the right and left area of the FS. The lateral view indicated a statistically significant difference between the sexes regarding the depth and area of the FS. The accuracy rate in classifying males and females using FS morphometry ranged from 59.09% to 69.57%. The FS in the lateral view (69.57%) and the height of the left FS in the frontal view (68.18%) are the most appropriate regressors for sex determination. Statistically significant differences in some FS measurements between the sexes do not appear to be a sufficient indicator of sex. Morphological and morphometrical characteristics of the FS should not be used as a guideline for sex assessment in the historical Polish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequent modifications in the programme of the Olympic Games are supposed to enable women to prove their equality. However, it stimulates unfavorable rivalry with men. Woman's equality should not consist of „a confrontation" of sexes but rather of the choice of such means of motor education (i. e. exercises, events, disciplines) which develop most efficiently both woman's and man's organisms. What kind of woman's equality is it which makes „hoydens" out of women? It is impossible to cover the latescent femininity of athletes with colourful, yet scarce outfits. It is beyond understanding why creators of Olympic Games' programmes should contribute to the psychophysical degradation of a human being, and recently their target should be a woman? A considerable part of these programmes may be abridged to a saying: „Women for sport". Huge financial means turn Olympic sport into a profitable spectacle for the organizers, actors and people greedy of games, who have very little to do with the Olympic idea of Pierre de Coubertin. His long-time and well functioning idea has been limited to the World Games of non Olympic sport disciplines. The dehumanisation of the contemporary Olympic sport has caused man's health and sometimes even life to become just a commodity. In view of this, questions are raised: 1. Is the current form of the Olympic Games suitable for women? 2. Is the accepted equality of men and women in it the best solution? The issue raised is complex and vast and rarely has it been the subject of discussion and publication, and the more so, of research. I shall try to provide answers to some of the questions, basing on results of a test conducted on approx. 1000 students of both sexes from three PhE Academies in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]