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Local government got recognition as the most significant government tier of service deliverance, fiscal development, and democratic control. Local governments bring government to the doorsteps of the citizens and facilitate local preferences into policy. Local governments are the backbone of a federation where the basic necessities of the local commune meet by the local authorities. It also minimizes the responsibilities of the federal government and its federating units. Pakistan has experienced a troubled local government system since its foundation. After the 18th Amendment in 2010 in the 1973 constitution under the article 140-A, now the provinces are responsible for political, administrative and fiscal affairs of the local governments. Punjab has experienced the PLGA-2013with different flaws. Pakistan Tehreek i Insaf government took an initiative and implemented a new local system in Punjab under PLGO 2021after the final approval of Governor Muhammad Sarwar on December 13, 2021. The new local government system is considering an improved local system that would empower citizens in the actual sense and comprehension of premier Imran Khan's pledge to delegate power to the local level. The new ordinance has suggested manifold changes. It's time now also to free up resources from the provinces; to announce election schedules; and to phase out the bureaucracy's fossilized Brahmins from the municipal level. The study has made a critical analysis of the newly implemented PTI government ordinance introduced in Punjab and investigated how it will carry out the local commune basic necessities after effusive implementation. It is found out that the new system has not yet announced the timetable for the Punjab local government elections. Local governments require turning into endogenous to brace the democracy. The public elimination by the authoritarians and the current government's prompt deferral of the local governments in four provinces, protecting in the name of amendments exacerbate and make worse to the already tormented democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Democracy, with modifications, was adopted in the Subcontinent as the system of government during the British rule. Although during the British era, universal franchise was not introduced still the baradari system grasped a major role in the politics of the Punjab. Politics in the area that constitutes the Punjab in Pakistan particularly revolved around the baradari system of the region. The present paper is focused on the politics of Sargodah; one of the prominent districts of the Punjab. In the politics of district Sargodha, about five or six families have been enjoying power. The families who played a vital role in local, provincial and national politics are Tiwana, Noon, Syed, Qureshi, Awan, Kalyar, Piracha, Mela, Lak, Ranjha, Nangyana and Baloch. They make the ruling elite of the Punjab since the prepartition era. This article aims at exploring different dimensions of politics centred to the Baradarism and its impact on the development of democracy in the province in general and on the district Sargodha in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biradari has been an important element in the political power game in Punjab. It not only functioned for building social structure but also as a political entity that plays a role as a variable in the power politics. This paper will endeavour to introduce major biradaris of district Khushab. The part played by the influential groups of these biradaries for holding political power will be discussed. Khushab witnessed the influential people of three major biradaries - Tiwana, Awan and Baluch – who were playing significant role in the politics of colonial as well as post colonial Khushab. This paper will highlight how the kinship became a tool for getting economic, political and ideological resources which led to the superiority of some elites who could gain political power with the manoeuvring of these resources. Along with the introduction of the biradaris of Khushab their tactics, strategies and style for power politics will be analyzed. The paper will be a qualitative case study of the politics Khushab during colonial and post-colonial period. The outcome of the study will be the expression of significance of kinship in the politics of Punjab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]