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In patients with a degenerative mitral bioprosthesis and prohibitive surgical risk there is emerging evidence for the feasibility of valve-in-valve procedures via a percutaneous transvenous transseptal approach. This paper describes the first time this procedure has been performed in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide. In selected individuals, bariatric surgery may offer a means of achieving long-term weight loss, improved health, and healthcare cost reduction. Physiological changes that occur because of obesity and general anaesthesia predispose to respiratory complications following bariatric surgery. The aim of this study is to determine whether post-operative high flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO 2 ) improves respiratory function and reduces the incidence of post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in comparison to conventional oxygen therapy in these patients., Method: The OXYBAR study is a prospective, un-blinded, single centre, randomised, controlled pilot study. Patients with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m 2 , undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery, will be randomised to receive either standard low flow oxygen therapy or HFNO 2 in the post-operative period. The primary outcome measure is the change in end expiratory lung impedance (∆EELI) as measured by electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Secondary outcome measures include change in tidal volume (∆Vt), partial arterial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO 2 /FiO 2 ) ratio, incidence of PPCs, hospital length of stay and measures of patient comfort., Discussion: We hypothesise that the post-operative administration of HFNO 2 will increase EELI and therefore end expiratory lung volume (EELV) in obese patients. To our knowledge this is the first trial designed to assess the effects of HFNO 2 on EELV in this population. We anticipate that data collected during this pilot study will inform a larger multicentre trial., Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12617000694314 . Registered on 15 May 2017.