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Objective: To study the spectrum of sudden death cases at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Quetta Pakistan. Study Design: Case series study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Jun 2014 to Jun 2019. Methodology: The study included all the autopsies/postmortems carried out on the cases due to sudden death from June 2014 to June 2019 at Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan. Detailed postmortem, internal and external examination, and histomorphology of vital organs were done in all cases of sudden death. Results: A total of 40 cases of sudden deaths were studied. The age of the study subjects ranged from 24 to 45 years. Maximum deaths occurred in the age group between 30 to 45 years. The cause of death in 22 cases (55%) was attributed to cardiac events, the most common cause being coronary artery disease (59.0%). The remaining 18 cases (45%) were due to other non-cardiac causes. Conclusion: Sudden death is the most common cause seen in young adults, most of which are attributed to cardiac causes. This study highlights serious health issues in our setup and the necessity to create awareness among the young adults at risk so that sudden deaths can be averted and life expectancy can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of genetic improvement for yield of food crops have become highly important for the plant breeders. It has been used for selection of suitable parents for true development of the hybrids. The current research was carried-out to determine heritability, general combing ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) during (Rabi Season 2018-19) at Directorate of Oilseed Crops, ARI Sariab, Quetta, Balochistan. The research trial was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three repeats. The results from analysis of variance exhibits significant differences at (p<0.001 and 0.005) for all studied parameters. In hybrids, Benazir×Raskoo had the highest average value (92%) and in parents, TD-1 (89.66%) found best among hybrids. Similarly, correlation coefficient results indicated significant association among all genotypes for all characteristics. Most of the parameters among crosses showed highly positive significant heterosis. Similarly, parents and their crosses were significant for all the 14 parameters studied. It is concluded from this study, among parental lines Raskoo and TD-1 are good general combiner for the traits plant height, No. of tillers plant-1, Harvest index, Spike density, spikelets spike-1, Grains spike-1, Fresh weight, Dry weight, Flag leaf area, thousand grain weight, Grain yield plant-1 and Tones per hectare as showed highly significant positive general combining ability, respectively. While among TD1 × Benazir and Umeed × Raskoo were observed as good specific combiner crosses in all parameters. Further, it is recommended that these genotypes be further included in breeding program to get more cultivar and hybrids combiner to enhance yield through yield contributing traits with additive genes and for further development of yield and yield related traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To correlate the mean placental thickness with the gestational age estimated by fetal growth parameters in normal singleton pregnancy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Feb to Aug 2020. Methodology: All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria at the Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital Quetta were included. After taking informed written consent and history, transabdominal-ultrasonography using a low frequency 3-5 MHz curved array transducer was done to assess the outcome. Result: A total of 100 women with a singleton pregnancy were included. The mean age of women was 28.100 ± 3.349 years. The mean placental thickness (PT) was 29.785 ± 5.700 mm. A significant positive correlation of placental thickness was noted with gestational age with a Pearson Correlation of 0.985 and p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: Placental thickness has a linear relationship with gestational age. Placental thickness in millimeters can be an essential parameter for estimating gestational age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of haematological disorders diagnosed by bone marrow examination at a tertiary care centre in Quetta, Balochistan. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Jan 2018 to May 2019. Methodology: A total of 101 one patients, who underwent bone marrow examination, were included in the study. Brief history, clinical examination and indication of procedure were also endorsed in a questionnaire designed for the study. Results: Bone marrow of one hundred and one patients, included in the study, were evaluated. Mean age of the patients was 32.3 ± 18.4 years. There were 68 males (67%), while 33 were females (33%) with 2:1 male to female ratio. Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) was the most common indication for bone marrow examination with frequency of 20.7%. Nutritional anaemia was the most prevalent benign disorder (17%), whereas Acute Lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) accounted about 6.8% which is highest in malignant disorders. Conclusion: This study has concluded that bone marrow examination is a useful technique and findings of bone marrow can modify the treatment. Thus procedure has a great diagnostic value. Both bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB) are the complimentary techniques and supremacy of one method on other depends on the disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine frequency of multidrug resistant and extensive drug resistant strains of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi in Quetta, Balochistan of Pakistan Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, Pakistan, from Mar 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: A total of two thousand seven hundred and sixty (n=2760) suspected cases of typhoid fever, irrespective of age and gender reporting at the hospital during one year were enrolled. Isolates were cultured and identified using standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial sensitivity against the typhoidal Salmonellae was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. All the extensively drug-resistant isolates were confirmed by Vitek 2 system. Results: A total of 173 (6.3%) cultures showed positive results. Mean age of culture positive cases was 18.9 ± 11.1 years. Out of 173 positive blood cultures, 136 (78.6%) were of males and 37 (21.1%) were from females. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed that 166 (96%) of isolates were Salmonella typhi. Multi-drug resistant strains were observed in 104 (60.1%) and extensive drug resistant strains were observed in 81 (46.8%) isolates. Conclusion: Frequencies of MDR (60.1%) and XDR (46.8%) strains of S. typhi isolates from confirmed cases of enteric fever were remarkable in Quetta, Balochistan. We recommend empiric therapy with azithromycin in patients with uncomplicated disease and therapy with carbapenam for complicated cases of enteric fever acquired in Karachi or Balochistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]